A Variety of Causes

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Release : 2020-09-03
Genre : Philosophy
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Book Rating : 853/5 ( reviews)

A Variety of Causes - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook A Variety of Causes write by Paul Noordhof. This book was released on 2020-09-03. A Variety of Causes available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This is the first book length defence of a counterfactual theory of causation. The analysis defended is new. It expresses the idea that, independent of its competitors, a cause raises the chance of an effect over its mean background chance by a complete causal chain. The analysis depends upon a novel development of David Lewis's Theory of Counterfactuals. One consequence of the analysis is that causation is not transitive. Causation is also nonsymmetric. The counterfactual basis of causal nonsymmetry is the result of a number of different, and sometimes interacting, nonsymmetries. The analysis allows for the development of a novel theory of events whose nature is independent of their role in causation and the identification of one other important causal relationship: property causation. Although compatible with Hume's denial of necessary connections between distinct existences, a key feature of the theory is that it benefits from being independent of the Humean framework. There are two ways in which something may be metaphysically fundamental: vertically and horizontally. Many metaphysicians emphasise vertical fundamentality and focus on truth making. The book rejects this emphasis and the truth making approach in particular. Horizontally fundamental metaphysical entities are those that are necessary components in different possible universes. Causation has a claim to be horizontally fundamental: the cement of any universe. Laws are patterns of causation realised in different metaphysical frameworks such as those articulated by Lewis, Armstrong and the powers ontologists. The book recognises varieties of causation both in, for example, counting cases of double prevention and causation by genuine processes as types of causation, and allowing that the analysis identifies causes across these different metaphysical frameworks.

A Variety of Causes

Download A Variety of Causes PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2020-09-03
Genre : Philosophy
Kind :
Book Rating : 861/5 ( reviews)

A Variety of Causes - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook A Variety of Causes write by Paul Noordhof. This book was released on 2020-09-03. A Variety of Causes available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This is the first book length defence of a counterfactual theory of causation. The analysis defended is new. It expresses the idea that, independent of its competitors, a cause raises the chance of an effect over its mean background chance by a complete causal chain. The analysis depends upon a novel development of David Lewis's Theory of Counterfactuals. One consequence of the analysis is that causation is not transitive. Causation is also nonsymmetric. The counterfactual basis of causal nonsymmetry is the result of a number of different, and sometimes interacting, nonsymmetries. The analysis allows for the development of a novel theory of events whose nature is independent of their role in causation and the identification of one other important causal relationship: property causation. Although compatible with Hume's denial of necessary connections between distinct existences, a key feature of the theory is that it benefits from being independent of the Humean framework. There are two ways in which something may be metaphysically fundamental: vertically and horizontally. Many metaphysicians emphasise vertical fundamentality and focus on truth making. The book rejects this emphasis and the truth making approach in particular. Horizontally fundamental metaphysical entities are those that are necessary components in different possible universes. Causation has a claim to be horizontally fundamental: the cement of any universe. Laws are patterns of causation realised in different metaphysical frameworks such as those articulated by Lewis, Armstrong and the powers ontologists. The book recognises varieties of causation both in, for example, counting cases of double prevention and causation by genuine processes as types of causation, and allowing that the analysis identifies causes across these different metaphysical frameworks.

Getting Causes from Powers

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Release : 2011-09-29
Genre : Philosophy
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Book Rating : 61X/5 ( reviews)

Getting Causes from Powers - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Getting Causes from Powers write by Stephen Mumford. This book was released on 2011-09-29. Getting Causes from Powers available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Causation is everywhere in the world: it features in every science and technology. But how much do we understand it? Here, the authors develop a new theory of causation based on an ontology of real powers or dispositions. They provide the first detailed outline of a thoroughly dispositional approach, and explore its surprising features.

Communities in Action

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Release : 2017-04-27
Genre : Medical
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Book Rating : 961/5 ( reviews)

Communities in Action - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Communities in Action write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2017-04-27. Communities in Action available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Causes, Laws, and Free Will

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Release : 2013-06-27
Genre : Law
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Book Rating : 185/5 ( reviews)

Causes, Laws, and Free Will - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Causes, Laws, and Free Will write by Kadri Vihvelin. This book was released on 2013-06-27. Causes, Laws, and Free Will available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book rescues compatibilists from the familiar charge of 'quagmire of evasion' by arguing that the problem of free will and determinism is a metaphysical problem with a metaphysical solution. There is no good reason to think that determinism would rob us of the free will we think we have.