Adaptive Tolerance to Ocean Acidification in the Marine Sponge - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Adaptive Tolerance to Ocean Acidification in the Marine Sponge write by Sylvester J. Lee. This book was released on 2012. Adaptive Tolerance to Ocean Acidification in the Marine Sponge available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide since the Industrial Revolution has led to a 30% increase in ocean acidification over pre-industrial levels. Although most ocean acidification research thus far has focused on calcifying organisms such as corals, the potential of this increase in acidity (H + ions) to cause acid-base imbalances in soft-bodied animals such as sponges has been grossly overlooked. Furthermore, many studies on ocean acidification have not considered the elevated temperatures that are predicted to accompany future climate change conditions. Sponges are crucial components to coral reef systems, providing food, nutrients, structure, and support. The sponge Chondrilla nucula is a common member of Caribbean coral reef communities, and is occasionally found in conditions exhibiting natural environmental hypercapnia, such as caves and dark portions of mangroves. We sought to test the hypothesis that such acclimation to acidic conditions in situ translates to a degree of tolerance to simulated near-future conditions of ocean acidification under laboratory conditions. In the summer of 2011, we conducted two experiments in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas, assessing the ability of Chondrilla nucula to adapt to "acidified"conditions. The first experiment examined sponges transplanted from a shallow reef site into a cave site ("Cave Hole"of variable pH (=8.2-7.7)), the reef immediately outside the cave ("Cave Reef "(pH=8.2)), and back-transplanted to the reef of origin ("Control Site"(pH=8.2)). Non-polar lipid fraction ratios increased significantly at the Cave Hole and Control sites, but not at the Cave Reef site. However, total lipids increased at the Cave Reef site, while remaining unchanged at the Cave Hole and Control sites. Fluorescent yield, chlorophyll a, soluble protein, carbohydrate, refractory material, ash, and total energetic content were unchanged across the treatment sites, suggesting some acclimation to acidified conditions in the Cave Hole sponges after 2 months. In a second experiment, we utilized a subset of the sponges from the field experiment to examine simulated near-future climate change effects of low pH and high temperature under laboratory conditions. There were no significant effects of treatment across all biochemical constituents except for ash, which showed a significant site temperature interaction. The only other significant effects observed were site effects on the Cave Reef sponges, most likely due to elevated irradiance or other conditions in the field. These findings suggest that Chondrilla nucula is very tolerant of acidified conditions in the field and simulated near future conditions of ocean acidification and increased temperature.
Ocean Acidification
Ocean Acidification - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ocean Acidification write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2010-09-14. Ocean Acidification available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Climate Change, Ocean Acidification and Sponges
Climate Change, Ocean Acidification and Sponges - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Climate Change, Ocean Acidification and Sponges write by José Luis Carballo. This book was released on 2017-10-27. Climate Change, Ocean Acidification and Sponges available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. While sponges represent a very simple group of organisms, which are represented by over 8000 species, there is considerable interest in the increasing role they may play in future marine ecosystems. While we still have a comparatively limited understanding of how sponges will respond to ocean warming and acidification there is evidence that some species may have the ability to acclimate or even adapt to these stressors. This comprehensive collection of articles describes our current understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on sponges across multiple levels of biological organisation, and from the geological past to the present. With expert contributions from across the world this book represents the most up-to-date view on sponge responses to climate change. This book will be of interest to a wide audience of marine scientists and managers, who are grappling with how to manage, conserve and protect marine ecosystems.
The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate write by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This book was released on 2022-04-30. The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting
Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting write by . This book was released on 2011. Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
