Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 4 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 4 write by A.R. Woolley. This book was released on 2019-09-02. Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 4 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The alkaline igneous rocks and carbonatites are compositionally and mineralogically the most diverse of all igneous rocks and, apart from their scientific interest, are of major, and growing, economic importance. They are important repositories of certain metals and commodities, indeed the only significant sources of some of them, and include Nb, the rare earths, Cu, V, diamond, phosphate, vermiculite, bauxite, raw materials for the manufacture of ceramics, and potentially Th and U. The economic potential of these rocks is now widely appreciated, particularly since the commencement of the mining of the Palabora carbonatite for copper and a host of valuable by-products. Similarly, the crucial economic dominance of rare earth production from carbonatite-related occurrences in China, has stimulated the world-wide hunt for similar deposits. This volume describes and provides ready access to the literature for all known occurrences of alkaline igneous rocks and carbonatites of Antarctica, Asia and Europe excluding the former USSR, Australasia and oceanic islands. More than 1,200 occurrences from 59 countries are outlined together with those of 57 oceanic islands and island groups. The descriptions include geographical coordinates and information on general geology, rock types, petrography, mineralogy, age and economic aspects with the principal references cited. There are 429 geological and distribution maps and a locality index. As has been demonstrated by the three earlier volumes, the present book is likely to be of considerable interest to mineral exploration companies, as there are no comprehensive published reviews of the economic aspects of the alkaline rocks. It will also interest research scientists in the fields of igneous petrology and volcanology, and geologists concerned with the regional distribution of igneous rocks and their geodynamic relationships.
Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World
Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World write by Alan Robert Woolley. This book was released on 1987. Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This text describes and provides ready access to the literature for all known occurrences of alkaline igneous rocks and carbonatites of Africa. Over 1000 occurrences are described from 40 countries. The descriptions include geographical co-ordinates and information of structure, general geology, rock types, petrography, mineralogy, ages, economic aspects and principal references. There are 348 geological and distribution maps and a locality index.
Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province
Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province write by F. Wall. This book was released on 2004-07-01. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Phoscorites are dark, often very handsome, sometimes economically valuable, magnetite-apatite-silicate rocks, almost always associated with carbonatite. They are key to understanding the longstanding question of how carbonate and carbonate-bearing magmas rise to the crust and the Earths surface. Despite this, they have been given little attention; a search on geological literature databases will produce thousands of references to carbonatite (up to 4125 on Georef) but not more than thirty references to phoscorite. This book goes some way to redress this balance. Over recent years many European and North American scientists have studied Kola rocks in collaboration with Russian colleagues. The idea for this book came from one such project funded by the European organisation, INTAS (Grant No 97-0722). The Kola Peninsula is one of the outstanding areas in the World for the concentration and economic importance of alkaline rocks. However, Russian work on the Kola complexes is still relatively unknown and a particular aim of this book, as well as presenting current research, is to make this knowledge accessible to English language readers. A large exploration programme on Kola alkaline rocks was active from 1950 to 1990 and involved teams of geologists who studied many kilometres of drill core and carried out detailed mineralogical and petrological studies.
Encyclopedia of Geology
Encyclopedia of Geology - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Encyclopedia of Geology write by . This book was released on 2020-12-16. Encyclopedia of Geology available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Encyclopedia of Geology, Second Edition presents in six volumes state-of-the-art reviews on the various aspects of geologic research, all of which have moved on considerably since the writing of the first edition. New areas of discussion include extinctions, origins of life, plate tectonics and its influence on faunal provinces, new types of mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, new methods of dating rocks, and geological processes. Users will find this to be a fundamental resource for teachers and students of geology, as well as researchers and non-geology professionals seeking up-to-date reviews of geologic research. Provides a comprehensive and accessible one-stop shop for information on the subject of geology, explaining methodologies and technical jargon used in the field Highlights connections between geology and other physical and biological sciences, tackling research problems that span multiple fields Fills a critical gap of information in a field that has seen significant progress in past years Presents an ideal reference for a wide range of scientists in earth and environmental areas of study
Critical Mineral Resources of the United States
Critical Mineral Resources of the United States - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Critical Mineral Resources of the United States write by K. J. Schulz. This book was released on 2017. Critical Mineral Resources of the United States available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. As the importance and dependence of specific mineral commodities increase, so does concern about their supply. The United States is currently 100 percent reliant on foreign sources for 20 mineral commodities and imports the majority of its supply of more than 50 mineral commodities. Mineral commodities that have important uses and face potential supply disruption are critical to American economic and national security. However, a mineral commodity's importance and the nature of its supply chain can change with time; a mineral commodity that may not have been considered critical 25 years ago may be critical today, and one considered critical today may not be so in the future. The U.S. Geological Survey has produced this volume to describe a select group of mineral commodities currently critical to our economy and security. For each mineral commodity covered, the authors provide a comprehensive look at (1) the commodity's use; (2) the geology and global distribution of the mineral deposit types that account for the present and possible future supply of the commodity; (3) the current status of production, reserves, and resources in the United States and globally; and (4) environmental considerations related to the commodity's production from different types of mineral deposits. The volume describes U.S. critical mineral resources in a global context, for no country can be self-sufficient for all its mineral commodity needs, and the United States will always rely on global mineral commodity supply chains. This volume provides the scientific understanding of critical mineral resources required for informed decisionmaking by those responsible for ensuring that the United States has a secure and sustainable supply of mineral commodities.
