American Independent Inventors in an Era of Corporate R&D - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook American Independent Inventors in an Era of Corporate R&D write by Eric S. Hintz. This book was released on 2021-08-17. American Independent Inventors in an Era of Corporate R&D available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. How America's individual inventors persisted alongside corporate R&D labs as an important source of inventions. During the nineteenth century, heroic individual inventors such as Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell created entirely new industries while achieving widespread fame. However, by 1927, a New York Times editorial suggested that teams of corporate scientists at General Electric, AT&T, and DuPont had replaced the solitary "garret inventor" as the wellspring of invention. But these inventors never disappeared. In this book, Eric Hintz argues that lesser-known inventors such as Chester Carlson (Xerox photocopier), Samuel Ruben (Duracell batteries), and Earl Tupper (Tupperware) continued to develop important technologies throughout the twentieth century. Moreover, Hintz explains how independent inventors gradually fell from public view as corporate brands increasingly became associated with high-tech innovation. Focusing on the years from 1890 to 1950, Hintz documents how American independent inventors competed (and sometimes partnered) with their corporate rivals, adopted a variety of flexible commercialization strategies, established a series of short-lived professional groups, lobbied for fairer patent laws, and mobilized for two world wars. After 1950, the experiences of independent inventors generally mirrored the patterns of their predecessors, and they continued to be overshadowed during corporate R&D's postwar golden age. The independents enjoyed a resurgence, however, at the turn of the twenty-first century, as Apple's Steve Jobs and Shark Tank's Lori Greiner heralded a new generation of heroic inventor-entrepreneurs. By recovering the stories of a group once considered extinct, Hintz shows that independent inventors have long been—and remain—an important source of new technologies.
American Independent Inventors in an Era of Corporate R&D
American Independent Inventors in an Era of Corporate R&D - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook American Independent Inventors in an Era of Corporate R&D write by Eric S. Hintz. This book was released on 2021. American Independent Inventors in an Era of Corporate R&D available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "Looks at American independent inventors during the rise of corporate research and development"--
History of Intellectual Culture 3/2024
History of Intellectual Culture 3/2024 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook History of Intellectual Culture 3/2024 write by Charlotte A. Lerg, Johan Östling, Jana Weiß, Anne Kwaschik, Claudia Roesch. This book was released on 2024-06-14. History of Intellectual Culture 3/2024 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Science in Reflection
Science in Reflection - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Science in Reflection write by Edna Ullmann-Margalit. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Science in Reflection available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science presents before you its third volume of proceedings. The philosophy section of the volume has three main foci: the scientific explanation (Hempel and Ben-Menachem, Elster and Dascal); realism in science (Cohen and Zemach) and its implications for the problem of universals (Armstrong and Bar-Elli); and the question of demarcation: the dividing line between science and philosophy (KrUger), as well as the cognitive limits of science (Stent). There is no neat separation in this volume between essays on the history of science and those on the sociology of science, and perhaps properly so. Thus, Lenoir's contribution is a clear example of the way the two disciplines combine and interrelate. Joseph Ben-David's comment on this lecture was among the last things he wrote, knowing full well that his days were numbered. Reading his contribution imparts a strong sense of loss, the loss of a great sociologist and a wise man. Not only history, however, but also historiography is a subject for reflection in this volume (Freudenthal and Kerszberg). And, finally, a couple of articles convey the sense of fascination with science as a story (Heilbron, Hughes). We have by now come to expect from the investigations reported in the Israel Colloquium series not surface unity of theme and method, but rather an underlying common commitment and zest for the scientific enterprise at its best. The third volume hopes to join the first two in footing this bill.
Black Inventors in the Age of Segregation
Black Inventors in the Age of Segregation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Black Inventors in the Age of Segregation write by Rayvon Fouché. This book was released on 2005-09-09. Black Inventors in the Age of Segregation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. According to the stereotype, late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century inventors, quintessential loners and supposed geniuses, worked in splendid isolation and then unveiled their discoveries to a marveling world. Most successful inventors of this era, however, developed their ideas within the framework of industrial organizations that supported them and their experiments. For African American inventors, negotiating these racially stratified professional environments meant not only working on innovative designs but also breaking barriers. In this pathbreaking study, Rayvon Fouché examines the life and work of three African Americans: Granville Woods (1856–1910), an independent inventor; Lewis Latimer (1848–1928), a corporate engineer with General Electric; and Shelby Davidson (1868–1930), who worked in the U.S. Treasury Department. Detailing the difficulties and human frailties that make their achievements all the more impressive, Fouché explains how each man used invention for financial gain, as a claim on entering adversarial environments, and as a means to technical stature in a Jim Crow institutional setting. Describing how Woods, Latimer, and Davidson struggled to balance their complicated racial identities—as both black and white communities perceived them—with their hopes of being judged solely on the content of their inventive work, Fouché provides a nuanced view of African American contributions to—and relationships with—technology during a period of rapid industrialization and mounting national attention to the inequities of a separate-but-equal social order.
