Assessing the Role of Karaca Dağ Wild Emmer in Wheat Domestication and Wheat Improvement - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Assessing the Role of Karaca Dağ Wild Emmer in Wheat Domestication and Wheat Improvement write by Chad Michael Jorgensen. This book was released on 2017. Assessing the Role of Karaca Dağ Wild Emmer in Wheat Domestication and Wheat Improvement available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is the progenitor of all domesticated wheat grown today, both tetraploid and hexaploid. The understanding of wild emmer's origin, the evolution of its genome, the structure and evolution of its genetic diversity, and the ways it contributed to the evolution of domesticated wheat is essential for advancing the basic and applied biology of wheat. It has been hypothesized that emmer was domesticated in the Karaca Dağ region in southeastern Turkey, yet, no analysis of domestication genes has been reported in this population. To fill this knowledge gap, accession PI 428082 from the Karaca Dağ region was crossed to durum 'Langdon' (LDN) to construct a genetic mapping population and genetic linkage maps, and map loci controlling domestication traits. First, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, the relationship of this accession to other accessions of wild emmer in the Karaca Dağ region and domesticated wheat was determined. PI 428082 was embedded in the Karaca Dağ wild emmer branch in the phylogenetic tree, indicating that it is representative of the Karaca Dağ wild emmer population. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross LDN x PI 428082 were developed, a genetic map comprising 2,650 unique SNP markers and spanning 1727.93 cM was constructed and compared to the genome sequence of Aegilops tauschii, a wild relative of the wheat D genome, to investigate chromosomal rearrangements and evolution of wild emmer genome. A major structural change observed in the PI 428082 genome was a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 3B and 6B, in addition to the already known 4A-5A-7B translocations and 4A pericentric and paracentric inversions. In addition to these rearrangements, the most common type of chromosome rearrangement was an intrachromosomal translocation. The genetic map was inconsistent with the current model of the evolution of chromosome 4A. The origin of 4A rearrangements was shown to be contemporary with the speciation of wild emmer. The study of diversity in chromosome 4A in the Karaca Dağ wild emmer uncovered a selective sweep in this chromosome that was absent from hexaploid wheat. The absence of diversity from a large portion of chromosome 4A of wild emmer population that is proposed to be the ancestor of all domesticated wheat calls into question the ancestral nature of this wild emmer population. To further characterize the relationship of PI 428082 to domesticated wheat, the LDN x PI 428082 RIL population was grown in the field for three years and measured a suite of domestication-related traits. Domestication-related QTLs were discovered and mapped. To compare them with domestication QTLs on homoeologous chromosomes and QTLs published by others, the 64 QTLs discovered here and 60 domestication QTLs discovered by others were aligned on the Ae. tauschii genome sequence. This allowed for the more precise determination of the locations of some of the QTLs and the identification of candidate genes among genes isolated in other grass genomes. Virtually all QTLs described by others in wild emmer QTL studies segregated in the LDN x PI 428082 RIL population, suggesting the presence of wild alleles at most of the domestication loci in PI 428082. This is consistent with PI 428082 and other wild emmer in the Karaca Dağ region being a wild population, and argues against the possibility that the population was derived from hybridization with domesticated wheat. Segregation for wild traits, such as brittle rachis and glume tenacity, in the RIL population made it unsuitable for the analysis of agronomic traits. Therefore, reciprocal inbred backcross lines (IBLs) from the cross LDN x PI 428082 were developed. By merging two IBL populations derived from backcrosses to the wild and domesticated parents, the creation of a genotyping matrix suitable for genetic mapping was possible. The LDN x PI 428082 map consisted of 1,830 unique markers and spanned 2,057 cM of the tetraploid genome. It was consistent with the map made using the RIL population, as 98% of markers that could be compared were in the same order. QTL analysis was also performed with this map and QTLs were aligned on the Aegilops tauschii genome sequence for comparison. The locations of QTL shared by the IBL and RIL maps were consistent. Hence, both marker order and QTL locations validated the approach to the IBL map construction and QTL mapping.
Evolution of Wild Emmer and Wheat Improvement
Evolution of Wild Emmer and Wheat Improvement - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Evolution of Wild Emmer and Wheat Improvement write by E. Nevo. This book was released on 2002-01-29. Evolution of Wild Emmer and Wheat Improvement available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Wild emmer is the progenitor of most cultivated wheats and thus an important source of wheat improvement. This book draws the results from multidisciplinary studies on the ecological, genetic, genomic, agronomic, and evolutionary aspects of wild emmer, conducted at many labs around the world. It is divided into the following parts: Origin and Evolution of Wheat - Population Genetics of Wild Emmer Wheat at the Protein and DNA Levels - Genetic Resources of Wild Emmer for Wheat Improvement - Genome Organization and Genetic Mapping - Conclusions and Prospects. The authors describe the evolution of wild emmer as a model organism of a selfer in evolutionary biology, and its rich potential genetic resources for wheat improvement.
Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources
Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources write by Roberto Tuberosa. This book was released on 2013-11-08. Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Our lives and well being intimately depend on the exploitation of the plant genetic resources available to our breeding programs. Therefore, more extensive exploration and effective exploitation of plant genetic resources are essential prerequisites for the release of improved cultivars. Accordingly, the remarkable progress in genomics approaches and more recently in sequencing and bioinformatics offers unprecedented opportunities for mining germplasm collections, mapping and cloning loci of interest, identifying novel alleles and deploying them for breeding purposes. This book collects 48 highly interdisciplinary articles describing how genomics improves our capacity to characterize and harness natural and artificially induced variation in order to boost crop productivity and provide consumers with high-quality food. This book will be an invaluable reference for all those interested in managing, mining and harnessing the genetic richness of plant genetic resources.
Wheat Landraces
Wheat Landraces - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Wheat Landraces write by Nusret Zencirci. This book was released on 2021-09-15. Wheat Landraces available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Landraces possess a very large genetic base in population structure and are dynamic populations of cultivated plants with historical origin, distinct identity, and without any formal crop improvement. They are often genetically diverse, locally adapted, and associated with traditional farming systems. Resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stress factors, which are especially diversified in landraces, are of great interest to plant breeders, faced with global climate challenge. In addition, gene pools made of different landraces grown in different ecological conditions can be used for wheat breeding to enhance quality; yield and other desirable agricultural parameters. An estimated 75% of the genetic diversity of crop plants was lost in the last century due to the replacement of high yielding modern varieties. There is, thus, an urgent need to preserve existing species, not only for posterity but also as a means to secure food supply for a rising world population. In this book, we provide an overview of wheat landraces with special attention to genetic diversities, conservation, and utilization.
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement
Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement write by Mohar Singh. This book was released on 2013-07-18. Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Grain legumes, including common-bean, chickpea, pigeonpea, pea, cowpea, lentil and others, form important constituents of global diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Despite this significant role, global production has increased only marginally in the past 50 years. The slow production growth, along with a rising human population and improved buying capacity has substantially reduced the per capita availability of food legumes. Changes in environmental climate have also had significant impact on production, creating a need to identify stable donors among genetic resources for environmentally robust genes and designing crops resilient to climate change. Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest resources in plant genetics and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping and allele mining to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists and students working with crop development. Explores origin, distribution and diversity of grain legumes Presents information on germplasm collection, evaluation and maintenance Offers insight into pre-breeding/germplasm enhancement efforts Integrates genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement Internationally contributed work
