Atlas Kościoła łacińskiego w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w XVIII wieku - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Atlas Kościoła łacińskiego w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w XVIII wieku write by Stanisław Litak. This book was released on 2006. Atlas Kościoła łacińskiego w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w XVIII wieku available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
The Polish Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1788-1792
The Polish Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1788-1792 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Polish Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1788-1792 write by Richard Butterwick. This book was released on 2012. The Polish Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1788-1792 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Polish Revolution cast off the Russian hegemony that had kept the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth impotent for most of the eighteenth century. Before being overthrown by the armies of Catherine the Great, the Four Years' Parliament of 1788-92 passed wide-ranging reforms, culminating in Europe's first written constitution on 3 May 1791. In some respects its policies towards the Catholic Church of both rites (Latin and Ruthenian) were more radical than those of Joseph II, and comparable to some of those adopted in the early stages of the French Revolution. Policies included taxation of the Catholic clergy at more than double the rate of the lay nobility, the confiscation of episcopal estates, the equalization of dioceses, and controversial concessions to Orthodoxy. But the monastic clergy escaped almost unscathed. A method of explaining political decisions in a republican polity is developed in order to show how and why the Commonwealth went to the verge of schism with Rome in 1789-90, before drawing back. Pope Pius VI could then bless the 'mild revolution' of 3 May 1791, which Poland's clergy and monarch presented to the nobility as a miracle of Divine Providence. The stresses would be eclipsed by dechristianization in France, the dismemberment of the Commonwealth, and subsequent incarnations of unity between the Catholic Church and the Polish nation. Probing both 'high politics' and political culture', Richard Butterwick draws on diplomatic and political correspondence, speeches, pamphlets, sermons, pastoral letters, proclamations, records of local assemblies, and other sources to explore a volatile relationship between altar, throne, and nobility at the end of Europe's Ancien Régime.
The structure of the Uniate Turaŭ-Pinsk eparchy in the 17th and 18th centuries
The structure of the Uniate Turaŭ-Pinsk eparchy in the 17th and 18th centuries - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The structure of the Uniate Turaŭ-Pinsk eparchy in the 17th and 18th centuries write by Wojciech Walczak. This book was released on 2013-06-05. The structure of the Uniate Turaŭ-Pinsk eparchy in the 17th and 18th centuries available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1733-1795
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1733-1795 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1733-1795 write by Richard Butterwick. This book was released on 2021-01-05. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1733-1795 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A major new assessment of the "vanished kingdom" of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth--one which recognizes its achievements before its destruction Richard Butterwick tells the compelling story of the last decades of one of Europe's largest and least understood polities: the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Drawing on the latest research, Butterwick vividly portrays the turbulence the Commonwealth experienced. Far from seeing it as a failed state, he shows the ways in which it overcame the stranglehold of Russia and briefly regained its sovereignty, the crowning success of which took place on 3 May 1791--the passing of the first Constitution of modern Europe.
Social and Cultural Relations in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Social and Cultural Relations in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Social and Cultural Relations in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania write by Richard Butterwick. This book was released on 2019-04-05. Social and Cultural Relations in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was one of the largest and most linguistically, ethnically and religiously diverse polities in late medieval and early modern Europe. In the mid-1380s the Grand Duchy of Lithuania entered into a long process of union with the Kingdom of Poland. Since the destruction of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795, the history and memory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania have been much contested among its successor nations. This volume aims to excavate a level below their largely incompatible narratives. Instead, in an encounter with freshly discovered or long neglected sources, the authors of this book seek new understanding of the Grand Duchy, its citizens and inhabitants in "microhistories." Emphasizing urban and rural spaces, families, communities, networks, and travels, this book presents fresh research by established and emerging scholars.
