Bougainville before the conflict - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Bougainville before the conflict write by Anthony J Regan. This book was released on 2015-08-03. Bougainville before the conflict available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. One of the most beautiful island groups of the Pacific, Bougainville has a remarkable history. Tragically, it is as the site of devastating civil conflict that Bougainville is perhaps best known. In exploring the rich environmental, cultural and social heritage of Bougainville before the conflict, this collection provides an insight into the long-term causes of the crisis. In doing so, it surveys such topics as Bougainville’s prehistory and traditional cultures, the impact of German and Australian colonialism, the attempts by disparate local cultures to find a common identity, the assertion of political autonomy in the face of coercion to integrate with Papua New Guinea, and contemporary efforts to resolve conflict and plan a viable future. A landmark collaboration between expert commentators on Bougainville and Bougainvilleans themselves, this volume provides a comprehensive picture for those seeking to understand Bougainville’s history and future directions. Bougainville before the conflict was published in association with the State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project, which is supported by The Australian National University and the Commonwealth of Australia.
The Pacific Journal of Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, 1767-1768
The Pacific Journal of Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, 1767-1768 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Pacific Journal of Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, 1767-1768 write by Louis-Antoine de Bougainville. This book was released on 2022-03-01. The Pacific Journal of Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, 1767-1768 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The French entered the Pacific in the late 17th century, but the ocean remained largely a Spanish preserve until British navigators began to cross its vast expanse in the mid 1760s. France's concerns that Britain might establish its superiority in the area, meant they welcomed Louis de Bougainville's voyage of exploration undertaken in 1766-9. After handing over the colony he had established in the Falkland Islands to Spain, he sailed through the still relatively unknown Straits of Magellan into the poorly charted South Pacific. He made a number of discoveries in the south west, but was too late to discover Tahiti, where Samuel Wallis had preceded him by less than a year. Reports on Bougainville's reception there and on life in the island were to create wide interest and controversy in Europe. He then sailed to the Samoan Islands and on to Vanuatu, as far as the Great Barrier Reef, and north towards New Guinea and the Samoan Islands making a number of discoveries and all the while leaving his name to a number of features, the best known of which are the island of Bougainville and the Bougainvillea flower. He returned home by way of the Dutch East Indies and the Indian Ocean. Although Bougainville published an account of his voyage in 1771, his original journal was published only in 1977; the present volume makes the latter text available for the first time in English translation.
Peace on Bougainville
Peace on Bougainville - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Peace on Bougainville write by Rebecca Adams. This book was released on 2001. Peace on Bougainville available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This is a unique look at the country of Bougainville, its people, their history, and their move toward peace told from the perspectives of the people involved both within and outside of the process. The book traces the peace movement from November 20, 1997, when unarmed monitors from New Zealand, Australia, Vanuatu, and Fiji arrived in Bougainville with the agreement of the Papua New Guinea government and most of the political factions on Bougainville. Their task was to establish a secure atmosphere in which Bougainvilleans could forge their own peaceful solution to the conflict. The individual viewpoints show how the fragile road toward a peaceful outcome was constructed.
Bougainville, 1943-1945
Bougainville, 1943-1945 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Bougainville, 1943-1945 write by Harry A. Gailey. This book was released on 2013-07-24. Bougainville, 1943-1945 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. " The 1943 invasion of Bougainville, largest and northernmost of the Solomon Islands, and the naval battles during the campaign for the island, contributed heavily to the defeat of the Japanese in the Pacific War. Here Harry Gailey presents the definitive account of the long and bitter fighting that took place on that now all-but-forgotten island. A maze of swamps, rivers, and rugged hills overgrown with jungle, Bougainville afforded the Allies a strategic site for airbases from which to attack the Japanese bastion of Rabaul. By February of 1944 the Japanese air strength at Rabaul had indeed been wiped out and their other forces there had been isolated and rendered ineffective. The early stages of the campaign were unique in the degree of cooperation among Allied forces. The overall commander, American Admiral Halsey, marshaled land, air, and naval contingents representing the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Unlike the other island campaigns in the Pacific, the fighting on Bougainville was a protracted struggle lasting nearly two years. Although the initial plan was simply to seize enough area for three airbases and leave the rest in Japanese hands, the Australian commanders, who took over in November 1944, decided to occupy the entire island. The consequence was a series of hard-fought battles that were still going on when Japan's surrender finally brought them to an end. For the Americans, a notable aspect of the campaign was the first use of black troops. Although most of these troops did well, the poor performance of one black company was greatly exaggerated in reports and in the media, which led to black soldiers in the Pacific theater begin relegated to non-combat roles for the remainder of the war. Gailey brings again to life this long struggle for an island in the far Pacific and the story of the tens of thousands of men who fought and died there.
Arbitration and Renegotiation of International Investment Agreements:A Study with Particular Reference to Means of Conflict Avoidance Under Natural Resources Investment Agreements
Arbitration and Renegotiation of International Investment Agreements:A Study with Particular Reference to Means of Conflict Avoidance Under Natural Resources Investment Agreements - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Arbitration and Renegotiation of International Investment Agreements:A Study with Particular Reference to Means of Conflict Avoidance Under Natural Resources Investment Agreements write by Wolfgang Peter. This book was released on 1995-06-08. Arbitration and Renegotiation of International Investment Agreements:A Study with Particular Reference to Means of Conflict Avoidance Under Natural Resources Investment Agreements available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book is a second, revised edition of the original 1986 publication. Since then, the issue of contract change has increasingly challenged the business community and legal practitioners. The world-wide recession may well have accelerated the need to secure contractual relationships by reasonable flexibility. Successful foreign investment, a relentless challenge, is subject to many unpredictable errors. Of all these variables, however, successful investment is most dependent on the investor-host country relationship, which is the object of the present study. In particular, the pressure by host countries for contract change and its counterpart: the investor's defence of contract stability. The book is essentially a reference handbook for legal practitioners. It analyzes a variety of increasingly important questions concerning international investment agreements that come under pressure for change by one of the contracting parties: either a transnational corporation or a host country government. The seven case studies and the analytical chapters which follow are based on the author's research and the assistance of corporate and government officials, experts from the United Nations and other organizations, and members of academic research institutes.
