Spurious Correlations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Spurious Correlations write by Tyler Vigen. This book was released on 2015-05-12. Spurious Correlations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "Spurious Correlations ... is the most fun you'll ever have with graphs." -- Bustle Military intelligence analyst and Harvard Law student Tyler Vigen illustrates the golden rule that "correlation does not equal causation" through hilarious graphs inspired by his viral website. Is there a correlation between Nic Cage films and swimming pool accidents? What about beef consumption and people getting struck by lightning? Absolutely not. But that hasn't stopped millions of people from going to tylervigen.com and asking, "Wait, what?" Vigen has designed software that scours enormous data sets to find unlikely statistical correlations. He began pulling the funniest ones for his website and has since gained millions of views, hundreds of thousands of likes, and tons of media coverage. Subversive and clever, Spurious Correlations is geek humor at its finest, nailing our obsession with data and conspiracy theory.
Causation in International Relations
Causation in International Relations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Causation in International Relations write by Milja Kurki. This book was released on 2008-04-03. Causation in International Relations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. World political processes, such as wars and globalisation, are engendered by complex sets of causes and conditions. Although the idea of causation is fundamental to the field of International Relations, what the concept of cause means or entails has remained an unresolved and contested matter. In recent decades ferocious debates have surrounded the idea of causal analysis, some scholars even questioning the legitimacy of applying the notion of cause in the study of International Relations. This book suggests that underlying the debates on causation in the field of International Relations is a set of problematic assumptions (deterministic, mechanistic and empiricist) and that we should reclaim causal analysis from the dominant discourse of causation. Milja Kurki argues that reinterpreting the meaning, aims and methods of social scientific causal analysis opens up multi-causal and methodologically pluralist avenues for future International Relations scholarship.
Guides to the Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation
Guides to the Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Guides to the Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation write by J. Mark Melhorn. This book was released on 2008. Guides to the Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "This book is intended as a guide to help bridge the gap between occupational and non-occupational evidence based causation"--Fourni par l'éditeur.
Causal Inference
Causal Inference - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Causal Inference write by Scott Cunningham. This book was released on 2021-01-26. Causal Inference available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. An accessible, contemporary introduction to the methods for determining cause and effect in the Social Sciences “Causation versus correlation has been the basis of arguments—economic and otherwise—since the beginning of time. Causal Inference: The Mixtape uses legit real-world examples that I found genuinely thought-provoking. It’s rare that a book prompts readers to expand their outlook; this one did for me.”—Marvin Young (Young MC) Causal inference encompasses the tools that allow social scientists to determine what causes what. In a messy world, causal inference is what helps establish the causes and effects of the actions being studied—for example, the impact (or lack thereof) of increases in the minimum wage on employment, the effects of early childhood education on incarceration later in life, or the influence on economic growth of introducing malaria nets in developing regions. Scott Cunningham introduces students and practitioners to the methods necessary to arrive at meaningful answers to the questions of causation, using a range of modeling techniques and coding instructions for both the R and the Stata programming languages.
Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials
Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials write by Mark Elwood. This book was released on 2007-02-22. Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book presents a logical system of critical appraisal, to allow readers to evaluate studies and to carry out their own studies more effectively. This system emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. Its great strength is that it is applicable to a wide range of issues, and both to intervention trials and observational studies. This system unifies the often different approaches used in epidemiology, health services research, clinical trials, and evidence-based medicine, starting from a logical consideration of cause and effect. The author's approach to the issues of study design, selection of subjects, bias, confounding, and the place of statistical methods has been praised for its clarity and interest. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the applications of this logic to evidence-based medicine, knowledge-based health care, and health practice and policy are discussed. Current and often controversial examples are used, including screening for prostate cancer, publication bias in psychiatry, public health issues in developing countries, and conflicts between observational studies and randomized trials. Statistical issues are explained clearly without complex mathematics, and the most useful methods are summarized in the appendix. The final chapters give six applications of the critical appraisal of major studies: randomized trials of medical treatment and prevention, a prospective and a retrospective cohort study, a small matched case-control study, and a large case-control study. In these chapters, sections of the original papers are reproduced and the original studies placed in context by a summary of current developments.
