Ciba Foundation Symposium 56 - Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle and Its Control - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ciba Foundation Symposium 56 - Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle and Its Control write by Ciba Foundation. This book was released on . Ciba Foundation Symposium 56 - Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle and Its Control available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle and Its Control
Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle and Its Control - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle and Its Control write by Ciba Foundation. This book was released on 1978. Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle and Its Control available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
The Cerebral Circulation
The Cerebral Circulation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Cerebral Circulation write by Marilyn J. Cipolla. This book was released on 2016-07-28. The Cerebral Circulation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Ionic Actions on Vascular Smooth Muscle
Ionic Actions on Vascular Smooth Muscle - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ionic Actions on Vascular Smooth Muscle write by E. Betz. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Ionic Actions on Vascular Smooth Muscle available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book contains the contributions and discussions of the second symposium on vascular smooth muscles held in Ttibingen in February, 1976. It provides an up-to-date review of the role of ions in the trans mission of signals from the perivascular space to the contractile ele ments of the smooth muscle cells. The various aspects are mainly discussed from a functional point of view and only few contributions concern the morphologic variations of cells .during varying ion activity. Special emphasis was placed on the significance of ion variations in the cerebral tissue and their rela tion to metabolic and nervous control of the brain vessels. It could be seen in this symposium that new techniques enabled the in vestigators to make considerable progress in the understanding of the actions and the interactions of ions on the membranes and on the inter nal structures of the smooth muscle cells if one compares the findings with the results of the previous symposium held in Ttibingen in 1972. It became evident that the insight into ionic actions enables the de velopment of powerful tools to be utilized in future therapy of dis turbances of local blood flow regulation. The participants of the symposium render thanks to the Dr. Thiemann GmbH in Ltinen, which supported the symposium and this publication in a generous way. Finally it is a pleasure of the Editor to thank the members of the Physiological Institute of Ttibingen for their encouragement in the ar rangement of the meeting.
The Endothelium
The Endothelium - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Endothelium write by Michel Félétou. This book was released on 2011. The Endothelium available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
