Characterization of Mineral Dust Emitted from an Actively Retreating Glacier in Yukon, Canada - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Characterization of Mineral Dust Emitted from an Actively Retreating Glacier in Yukon, Canada write by Jill Bachelder. This book was released on 2019. Characterization of Mineral Dust Emitted from an Actively Retreating Glacier in Yukon, Canada available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Airborne mineral dust emitted in Arctic regions can significantly alter the energy balance of the Northern atmosphere through scattering and absorption of radiation; dust also plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of metals and can have deleterious effects on air quality and public health. The impact of northern dust sources on the atmosphere and environment may change rapidly, as warming temperatures in the North can increase mineral dust production and source regions by inducing topographical changes due to rapid glacier ablation. However, at present, the impact of such changes is difficult to evaluate because there are very few scientific studies that perform direct field measurements of mineral dust emissions as well as of mineral dust chemical and microphysical properties in Arctic regions. To address this knowledge gap, we performed mineral dust measurement campaigns in June 2017 and May 2018 near the Ä'äy Chù (Slims River), within a proglacial valley in Yukon, Canada that has exhibited strong dust emissions. The Ä'äy Chù Valley has been impacted heavily by climate change, as the rapid retreat of the adjacent Kaskawulsh glacier, recently routed waters away from the river valley, leaving the riverbed exposed and thus potentially increasing its dust-producing erodible surface area. We have collected aerosol samples (PM10 and deposited mineral dust) throughout the Ä'äy Chù Valley, and have recorded weather data to establish a link between environmental factors and the emission of dust. We have also employed an efficient, quantitative method for analysis of trace metals in mineral dust via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify trace metals in PM10 samples, soil and in deposited mineral dust samples. Ours is the first field campaign to provide chemical and microphysical characterization of mineral dust emitted directly from a high-latitude dust source in Canada. Analysis of data obtained by an optical particle counter (OPC) indicated dust events occurred during both daylight and non-daylight hours, while gravimetric analysis of filter samples found ambient concentrations ranging between 240 μg/m3 and 3950 μg/m3 at the dust source during the course of the dust observation campaign. Furthermore, air quality thresholds of the World Health Organization (WHO) were exceeded at sites near the dust source, including at the Thachäl Dhäl Visitor's Center run by Parks Canada and a site next to the Alaska Highway. We were unable to successfully analyze our samples using laser ablation ICP-MS and single particle ICP-MS. Nevertheless, we successfully validated a protocol for performing ICP-MS analysis of digested samples and were thus able to apply this technique to the analysis of our samples. Analysis of elemental composition via ICP-MS has revealed enrichment of minor and trace element content in ambient air samples as compared to soils and dust deposition, generally by a factor of 1.5 to 2. Moreover, SEM/EDS analysis has demonstrated that the emitted dust primarily consists of non-spherical particles composed of aluminosilicate clay mineral aggregates. Finally, we have calculated the vertical flux of particulate mass, and have used the flux, the size distribution, and the composition of both PM10 and soil samples to evaluate several theories related to the predominant dust emission mechanism that occurs in the Ä'äy Chù Valley.
The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate write by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This book was released on 2022-04-30. The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Mineral Dust
Mineral Dust - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Mineral Dust write by Peter Knippertz. This book was released on 2014-09-01. Mineral Dust available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This volume presents state-of-the-art research about mineral dust, including results from field campaigns, satellite observations, laboratory studies, computer modelling and theoretical studies. Dust research is a new, dynamic and fast-growing area of science and due to its multiple roles in the Earth system, dust has become a fascinating topic for many scientific disciplines. Aspects of dust research covered in this book reach from timescales of minutes (as with dust devils, cloud processes and radiation) to millennia (as with loess formation and oceanic sediments), making dust both a player and recorder of environmental change. The book is structured in four main parts that explore characteristics of dust, the global dust cycle, impacts of dust on the Earth system, and dust as a climate indicator. The chapters in these parts provide a comprehensive, detailed overview of this highly interdisciplinary subject. The contributions presented here cover dust from source to sink and describe all the processes dust particles undergo while travelling through the atmosphere. Chapters explore how dust is lifted and transported, how it affects radiation, clouds, regional circulations, precipitation and chemical processes in the atmosphere and how it deteriorates air quality. The book explores how dust is removed from the atmosphere by gravitational settling, turbulence or precipitation, how iron contained in dust fertilizes terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and about the role that dust plays in human health. We learn how dust is observed, simulated using computer models and forecast. The book also details the role of dust deposits for climate reconstructions. Scientific observations and results are presented, along with numerous illustrations. This work has an interdisciplinary appeal and will engage scholars in geology, geography, chemistry, meteorology and physics, amongst others with an interest in the Earth system and environmental change. body>
Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation write by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This book was released on 2012-05-28. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. This Special Report explores the social as well as physical dimensions of weather- and climate-related disasters, considering opportunities for managing risks at local to international scales. SREX was approved and accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 18 November 2011 in Kampala, Uganda.
Glacial Geology
Glacial Geology - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Glacial Geology write by Matthew M. Bennett. This book was released on 2011-09-20. Glacial Geology available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The new Second Edition of Glacial Geology provides a modern, comprehensive summary of glacial geology and geomorphology. It is has been thoroughly revised and updated from the original First Edition. This book will appeal to all students interested in the landforms and sediments that make up glacial landscapes. The aim of the book is to outline glacial landforms and sediments and to provide the reader with the tools required to interpret glacial landscapes. It describes how glaciers work and how the processes of glacial erosion and deposition which operate within them are recorded in the glacial landscape. The Second Edition is presented in the same clear and concise format as the First Edition, providing detailed explanations that are not cluttered with unnecessary detail. Additions include a new chapter on Glaciations around the Globe, demonstrating the range of glacial environments present on Earth today and a new chapter on Palaeoglaciology, explaining how glacial landforms and sediments are used in ice-sheet reconstructions. Like the original book, text boxes are used throughout to explain key concepts and to introduce students to case study material from the glacial literature. Newly updated sections on Further Reading are also included at the end of each chapter to point the reader towards key references. The book is illustrated throughout with colour photographs and illustrations.
