China's Virtual Monopoly of Rare Earth Elements - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook China's Virtual Monopoly of Rare Earth Elements write by Roland Howanietz. This book was released on 2018-06-12. China's Virtual Monopoly of Rare Earth Elements available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Rare Earth Elements are a group of 17 metals which have a central role in modern industry, increasingly used in the fields of green technologies, high technological consumer goods, industrial and medical appliances and modern weapons systems. Although deposits of Rare Earths are globally dispersed, over 90% of global demand has been provided by Chinese mines since the late 1990s, leading to a situation where China has a virtual monopoly. This book surveys the Rare Earths mining industry, discusses the extent to which Rare Earths really are scarce elsewhere in the world and assesses the economics of production, considering arguments for the rationing of supply, for higher pricing and for a total export embargo. This actually occurred in 2010, demonstrating the vulnerability of the rest of the world to China’s control of these increasingly vital resources.
China's Monopoly on Rare Earths
China's Monopoly on Rare Earths - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook China's Monopoly on Rare Earths write by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific. This book was released on 2011. China's Monopoly on Rare Earths available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths
China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths write by Sophia Kalantzakos. This book was released on 2018. China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Resource competition, mineral scarcity, and economic statecraft -- What are rare earths? -- Salt and oil : strategic parallels -- How China came to dominate the rare earth industry
Rare Earth Elements
Rare Earth Elements - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Rare Earth Elements write by Charles J. Butler. This book was released on 2012. Rare Earth Elements available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "Currently, the U.S. along with most of the industrialized world depends almost exclusively on Chinese imports of rare earth elements for this crucial resource in the manufacture of vital components found in both commercial and defense products. Subsequently, China's monopoly of the rare earths industry has ramifications for not only the U.S. commercial manufacturing base but also for its military. Recent history has shown that China is not averse to leveraging its advantage with regard to rare earths production and exports to hold a trading partner hostage against a political backdrop vis-à-vis Japan in 2010. This fact coupled with a growing internal appetite for rare earths to fuel its ever-growing economy has resulted in China cutting its export quotas significantly over the last several years. Due to these factors, the U.S. faces a situation where its own security may be at risk due to a lack of access to a strategic resource, especially one that is controlled by a potential adversary in the future. The U.S. must develop a strategic plan to address the issue either through the use of stockpiling, recycling, indigenous production, combining efforts with its closest allies, or a combination of the four to ensure the U.S. military never faces a shortage of critical weapons or systems required to win its nation's wars."--Abstract.
Rare Earth Frontiers
Rare Earth Frontiers - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Rare Earth Frontiers write by Julie Michelle Klinger. This book was released on 2018-01-15. Rare Earth Frontiers available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Owing to their unique magnetic, phosphorescent, and catalytic properties, rare earths are the elements that make possible teverything from the miniaturization of electronics, to the enabling of green energy and medical technologies, to supporting essential telecommunications and defense systems. An iPhone uses eight rare earths for everything from its colored screen, to its speakers, to the miniaturization of the phone?s circuitry. On the periodic table rare earth elements comprise a set of seventeen chemical elements (the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium). There would be no Pokémon Go without rare earths. Rare Earth Frontiers is a work of human geography. Klinger looks historically and geographically at the ways rare earth elements in three discrete but representative and contested sites are given meaning.
