Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644 write by Stephen Turnbull. This book was released on 2012-10-20. Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. It has been said in China that a city without a wall would be as inconceivable as a house without a roof. Even the smallest village invariably had some form of defensive wall, while the Great Wall of China was an attempt to build a barrier along the most vulnerable border of the entire country. Yet the finest examples of walled communities were China's walled cities, whose defensive architecture surpassed anything along the Great Wall. This book traces the evolution of the walled city from the 3,000 year old remains of the beaten earth walls of the Shang dynasty to the huge stone fortifications of the Ming dynasty. Stephen Turnbull, expert military historian, reveals the defensive structures from all the major ancient Chinese cities, and discusses how they protected entire communities, and not just castle dwellers, with colour artwork reconstructions, maps and archive photographs.
Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644
Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644 write by Stephen Turnbull. This book was released on 2012-10-20. Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. It has been said in China that a city without a wall would be as inconceivable as a house without a roof. Even the smallest village invariably had some form of defensive wall, while the Great Wall of China was an attempt to build a barrier along the most vulnerable border of the entire country. Yet the finest examples of walled communities were China's walled cities, whose defensive architecture surpassed anything along the Great Wall. This book traces the evolution of the walled city from the 3,000 year old remains of the beaten earth walls of the Shang dynasty to the huge stone fortifications of the Ming dynasty. Stephen Turnbull, expert military historian, reveals the defensive structures from all the major ancient Chinese cities, and discusses how they protected entire communities, and not just castle dwellers, with colour artwork reconstructions, maps and archive photographs.
The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644
The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644 write by Stephen Turnbull. This book was released on 2012-10-20. The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The most famous example of fortification in the world, the Great Wall of China stretches for more than 6,000km across inhospitable terrain. Charting its development from its earliest origins in the 7th century BC through to the present day, this account reveals the true history of the wall, and explores the myths that surround it. Included are details of what it was like to live within the wall, how it was garrisoned and patrolled, and a discussion of how effective it was against attack. Through extensive examination of both ancient and modern sources, colour maps, artwork and photographs, this book illustrates why the wall is one of the great wonders of the world.
The Stalin and Molotov Lines
The Stalin and Molotov Lines - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Stalin and Molotov Lines write by Neil Short. This book was released on 2013-05-20. The Stalin and Molotov Lines available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the years following the Civil War, plans were drawn up to build a major set of fortifications along the Russian western border. Work began in 1926, leading to a front that stretched over 2,000km from the Baltic to the Black Sea. By the time of the outbreak of World War II, the defences of the Stalin Line, as it was known, were largely complete – but were also now too far behind the new Soviet border to be of any use in potential offensives. Stalin took steps to create a new defensive line inside Poland, which came to be known by the name of the Soviet Foreign Minister, Molotov. This book details the development of these lines, and the fighting that took place around them in 1941.
Crusader Castles in Cyprus, Greece and the Aegean 1191–1571
Crusader Castles in Cyprus, Greece and the Aegean 1191–1571 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Crusader Castles in Cyprus, Greece and the Aegean 1191–1571 write by David Nicolle. This book was released on 2013-05-20. Crusader Castles in Cyprus, Greece and the Aegean 1191–1571 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The castles built by the Crusaders, Hospitallers, Venetians and Genoese in Cyprus, Greece, the Aegean, and on the Black Sea served to defend against a complex array of constantly changing threats: Mamluks, Catalan mercenaries, Ottoman Turks, Byzantines, independent Islamic states, Timur-i-Lenk, and widespread piracy, to name but few. The resulting fortifications some inherited from conquered the territories of the former Byzantine empire, some built from scratch were very different to those found in the Middle East. This superbly illustrated book explores their design, development and fate in detail, documenting the rich architectural heritage of this region and its complex history.
