Collective Duties (Fard Kifāya) in Islamic Law - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Collective Duties (Fard Kifāya) in Islamic Law write by Adnan Ahmad Zulfiqar. This book was released on 2018. Collective Duties (Fard Kifāya) in Islamic Law available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This dissertation studies a unique subset of legal obligations in Islamic law known as "collective duties" (fard kifāya ) and focuses on juristic writing in the premodern period between the 9th and 14th centuries C.E. Together with the more widely recognized "individual obligations" ( fard 'ayn), these duties encompass the complete range of mandated behavior in Islamic law. Individual obligations follow a simple pattern: one person is assigned responsibility for performing a particular act and is solely held responsible if they fail to do so. Collective duties are premised on a different concept involving shared responsibility for required acts. They are based on a formula consisting of two clauses, which loosely draws from a Qur'ānic prooftext. The first clause states that as long as some people perform the duty, then the obligation is suspended for everyone else. While everyone initially carries the burden, they are not all required to perform. However, the second clause adds an important warning: if no one performs the duty, then everyone is held accountable. This study explores the juristic discourse on collective duties in order to better understand how they function, what purpose they serve and why they might have been created. As premodern jurists explored the implications of collective duties as a whole, they developed the theoretical outlines of a kifāya-doctrine, one that asked questions of whether collective duties were preferred to individual obligations, who in the collective was required to perform and when an obligation was suspended. Beyond the general doctrine, the dissertation also examines legal rules developed for three specific collective duties: jihād, funerary rites and duties to rescue. The discourse on these duties demonstrates how jurists not only provided practical guidance for performance of the obligation, but also thought more broadly about the theoretical implications for law. In the process, they began to determine who belongs in the moral community, defined a robust role for the state in law's implementation and speculated on what should constitute ethical behavior. As a result, they made clear that the normative universe of obligation is essential to understanding the Islamic legal tradition.
Politics of the Islamic Tradition
Politics of the Islamic Tradition - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Politics of the Islamic Tradition write by Mohammed Moussa. This book was released on 2015-10-05. Politics of the Islamic Tradition available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Over the last two centuries the Muslim world has undergone dramatic transformations, impacting the Islamic tradition and throwing into question our understanding of tradition. The notion of tradition as an unmoving edifice is contradicted by the very process of its transmission, and the complex role human beings play in creating and sustaining traditions is evident in the indigenous mechanisms of change within the Islamic tradition. Politics of the Islamic Tradition locates the work of Egyptian cleric Muhammad al-Ghazali within the context of this dynamic Islamic tradition, with special focus on his political thought. Al-Ghazali inherited a vast and diverse heritage which he managed to reinterpret in a changing world. An innovative exploration of the change and continuity present within Muslim discourses, this book brings together disparate threads of the Islamic tradition, religious exegesis, the contemporary Arab Middle East, the Islamic state and idea of renewal in al-Ghazali’s thought. As well as being one of the first complete treatments of al-Ghazali’s works, this book provides an original critical approach to tradition and its capability for innovation and change, countering the dichotomy between tradition and modernity that typically informs most scholarly studies on contemporary Islam. Offering highly original insights into Islamic thought and engaging with critical notions of tradition, this book is essential reading for students and scholars of Islamic Politics and History.
Fundamentalist Islam and Israel
Fundamentalist Islam and Israel - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Fundamentalist Islam and Israel write by Raphael Israeli. This book was released on 1993. Fundamentalist Islam and Israel available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book provides an in-depth account and analysis of Islamic fundamentalism today, and how it has an impact on Israel's relations with the Arab and Islamic worlds. In light of recent events, the book is important for the whole Western world, which now confronts revivalist Islam, both in the Middle East and Europe itself, and even in such far-flung fragments of European civilization as the United States and Australia. This book should be of great help for the West in developing a proper understanding of, and a strategy for dealing with, this movement. Co-published with the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.
The Concept of Just War in Judaism, Christianity and Islam
The Concept of Just War in Judaism, Christianity and Islam - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Concept of Just War in Judaism, Christianity and Islam write by Georges Tamer. This book was released on 2021-09-07. The Concept of Just War in Judaism, Christianity and Islam available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. For Jews, Christians and Muslims, as for all human beings, military conflicts and war remain part of the reality of the world. The authoritative writings of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, namely the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament and the Koran, as well as the theological and philosophical traditions based on them, bear witness to this fact. Showing the influence of different historical political situations, various views – sometimes quite similar, sometimes more divergent -- have developed in the three religions to justify the waging of war under certain circumstances. Such views have also been integrated in different ways into legal systems while, in certain cases, theologies have provide legitimation for military expansion and atrocities. The aim of the volume The Concept of Just War in Judaism, Christianity and Islam is to explore the respective understanding of “just war” in each one of these three religions and to make their commonalities and differences discursively visible. In addition, it highlights and explains the significance of the topic to the present time. Can the concepts developed in the Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions in order to justify war, serve as a foundation for contemporary peace ethics? Or do religious arguments always add fuel to the fire in armed conflict? The contributions in this volume will help provide answers to these and other socially and politically relevant questions.
An Introduction to Islam
An Introduction to Islam - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook An Introduction to Islam write by David Waines. This book was released on 2003-11-06. An Introduction to Islam available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A revised and updated edition of Waines' wide-ranging account of the history and theology of Islam.
