Compulsion in Religion - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Compulsion in Religion write by Samuel Helfont. This book was released on 2018. Compulsion in Religion available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book draws on newly available archives from the Iraqi state and Ba'th Party to present a revisionist history of Saddam Hussein's religious policies. The point of doing this, other than to correct the current understanding of Saddam's political use of religion through his presidency, is to argue that the policies promoted then directly contributed to the rise of religious insurgencies in post-2003 Iraq as well as the current and probably future crises in the country. In looking at Saddam's policies in the 1990s, many have interpreted his support for state religion as evidence of a dramatic shift away from Arab nationalism, toward political Islam. But this book shows that the 'Faith Campaign' he launched during this time was the culmination of a plan to use religion for political ends, begun upon his assumption of the Iraqi presidency in 1979. At this time, Saddam began constructing the institutional capacity to control and monitor Iraqi religious institutions. The resulting authoritarian structures allowed him to employ Islamic symbols and rhetoric in public policy, but in a controlled manner. By the 1990s, these policies became fully realized. Following the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, religion remained prominent in Iraqi public life, but the system that Saddam had put in place to contain it was destroyed. Sunni and Shi'i extremists who had been suppressed and silenced were now free. They thrived in an atmosphere where religion had been actively promoted, and formed militant organizations which have torn the country apart since.
Let there be no Compulsion in Religion (Sura 2:256)
Let there be no Compulsion in Religion (Sura 2:256) - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Let there be no Compulsion in Religion (Sura 2:256) write by Christine Schirrmacher. This book was released on 2016-02-04. Let there be no Compulsion in Religion (Sura 2:256) available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In Christine Schirrmacher's postdoctoral thesis, for the first time one finds reviews of original voices coming from Islamic theology on the topic of religious freedom and apostasy. Arabic, English, French, and Urdu texts have been translated and analyzed and thus made accessible. There are basically three positions which are defended on falling away from the Islamic faith: Complete advocacy of religious freedom, the complete denial of religious freedom with a call for the immediate application of the death penalty for apostates, and the centrist position. The centrist position, however, which allows inner freedom of thought and warns against premature persecution, calls for the death penalty in the case of open apostasy (e.g., in the case of conversion to another faith). Within established Islamic theology, the latter approach is nowadays the most frequent point of view found. These three main positions on apostasy are introduced in this postdoctoral thesis by means of the publications of three influential 20th century theologians: Yusuf al-Qaradawi (b. 1926), Abdullah Saeed (b. 1960), and Abu l-A'la Maududi (1903-1979). They all have followings of many millions of people and have political influence at their disposal. The study explains why in many Muslim majority countries there is still today only very limited or sometimes no freedom of religion (in the sense of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations in 1948) for converts, critical intellectuals, artists and progressive Quranic studies specialists, journalists and secularists, agnostics and confessing atheists, enlightened thinkers, women's rights and human rights activists as well as adherents of non-recognized minorities.
Tolerance and Coercion in Islam
Tolerance and Coercion in Islam - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Tolerance and Coercion in Islam write by Yohanan Friedmann. This book was released on 2003-06-30. Tolerance and Coercion in Islam available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Since the beginning of its history, Islam has encountered other religious communities both in Arabia and in the territories conquered during its expansion. Muslims faced other religions from the position of a ruling power and were therefore able to determine the nature of that relationship in accordance with their world-view and beliefs. Yohanan Friedmann's original and erudite study examines questions of religious tolerance as they appear in the Qur'an and in the prophetic tradition, and analyses the principle that Islam is exalted above all religions, discussing the ways in which this principle was reflected in various legal pronouncements. The book also considers the various interpretations of the Qur'anic verse according to which 'No compulsion is there in religion ...', noting that, despite the apparent meaning of this verse, Islamic law allowed the practice of religious coercion against Manichaeans and Arab idolaters, as well as against women and children in certain circumstances.
Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire
Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire write by Selim Deringil. This book was released on 2012-08-27. Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire traditional religious structures crumbled as the empire itself began to fall apart. The state's answer to schism was regulation and control, administered in the form of a number of edicts in the early part of the century. It is against this background that different religious communities and individuals negotiated survival by converting to Islam when their political interests or their lives were at stake. As the century progressed, however, conversion was no longer sufficient to guarantee citizenship and property rights as the state became increasingly paranoid about its apostates and what it perceived as their 'denationalization'. The book tells the story of the struggle between the Ottoman State, the Great Powers and a multitude of evangelical organizations, shedding light on current flash-points in the Arab world and the Balkans, offering alternative perspectives on national and religious identity and the interconnection between the two.
No Compulsion in the Religion
No Compulsion in the Religion - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook No Compulsion in the Religion write by Sami A. Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh. This book was released on 2015-04-13. No Compulsion in the Religion available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The verse 256 of the second chapter of the Quran reads as follows: No compulsion in the religion! The righteousness has been made clear from the error. Whoever disbelieves in the idols and believes in God, has grasped the most trustworthy hand-hold that never breaks. God is hearer, knower.Muslims often use the first sentence of this verse to prove that Islam recognizes religious freedom. But this is contradicted namely by a saying of Muhammad: "Whoever changes his religion, kill him." The killing of the apostate, the one who leaves Islam, is confirmed, for example, by the uniform Arab Penal Code adopted unanimously by the Council of Arab Ministers of Justice in 1996.We will limit ourselves in this study to show what Muslim exegetes say about the verse 2:256.The AuthorSami A. Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh. Christian of Palestinian origin. Swiss citizen. Doctor in law. Habilitated to direct researches. Professor of universities (CNU-France). Responsible for Arab and Islamic Law at the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law (1980-2009). Visiting professor at different French, Italian and Swiss universities. Director of the Centre of Arab and Islamic Law. Author of many books, including a French, English and Italian translation of the Quran.
