Contractual savings for housing : how suitable are they for transitional economies? - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Contractual savings for housing : how suitable are they for transitional economies? write by Michael J. Lea. This book was released on 1995. Contractual savings for housing : how suitable are they for transitional economies? available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
poverty inequality and social policy in transition economies
poverty inequality and social policy in transition economies - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook poverty inequality and social policy in transition economies write by Branko Milanovic. This book was released on 1999. poverty inequality and social policy in transition economies available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. November 1995 What happens to poverty and income inequality during the early period of transition to a market economy? Poverty is on the rise, and income inequality widens. Better targeting of social assistance and pension reform are the necessary policy reforms. In examining what happens to poverty and income inequality during the early period of transition to a market economy, Milanovic covers the period up to 1993. His analysis includes almost all transition economies that were not affected by wars, blockades, or embargoes. (In economies so affected, the intrinsic issues of transition are overshadowed by more basic issues of war or quasi-war economy and survival.) The two key issues of social policy in transition economies are pension reform and better targeting of social assistance. Pensions represent 70 to 80 percent of cash social expenditures. No reduction of current levels of social spending (which is unsustainable) can be envisaged without pension reform. Better targeting of social assistance is needed because many universally or enterprise-provided benefits have been terminated, poverty has increased, and social programs lack funding. If poverty is on the rise and money is scarce, better targeting is the only option. This paper -- a product of the Transition Economics Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to study social effects of transition.
Taxation of Financial Intermediation
Taxation of Financial Intermediation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Taxation of Financial Intermediation write by Patrick Honohan. This book was released on 2003. Taxation of Financial Intermediation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book examines the options for, and obstacles to, successful financial sector tax reform, both in terms of theoretical and practical aspects. Issues discussed include: the design of optimal tax schemes, the role of imperfect information and the links between taxation and saving, inflation, the income tax treatment of intermediary loan-loss reserves, deposit insurance, VAT and financial transactions taxes; as well as current practice in the industrial world and case studies of distorted national systems. This is a co-publication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press.
Thirty Years of World Bank Shelter Lending
Thirty Years of World Bank Shelter Lending - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Thirty Years of World Bank Shelter Lending write by Robert M. Buckley. This book was released on 2006-01-01. Thirty Years of World Bank Shelter Lending available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "As England's Industrial Revolution started the process of urbanization that has since characterized development throughout the world, a poet worried about the ""dark satanic mills"" that were such a fundamental part of this revolution. However, despite his misgivings, he also suggested that it was necessary for societies to arm themselves with ""chariots of fire"" and other weapons so that they could master this process. In a somewhat more prosaic poetic vein World Bank President Robert McNamara launched the bank's shelter assistance programs saying that 'If cities do not begin to deal more constructively with poverty, poverty may begin to deal more destructively with cities.' These concerns would appear to have even more resonance today as the population of cities in developing countries increasing by unprecedented levels of more than 1 billion people per year for the next 15 years. This magnitude suggests the scale of the increase in the investment in shelter needed to meet the needs of this growing population."
Economic Evaluation of Housing Subsidy Systems
Economic Evaluation of Housing Subsidy Systems - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Economic Evaluation of Housing Subsidy Systems write by David Le Blanc. This book was released on 2005. Economic Evaluation of Housing Subsidy Systems available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The author applies the methodology to the system prevailing in Morocco in 1995 and 2004. The analysis shows that the most visible subsidies might not have been the most inefficient, nor the most resource consuming for the state. Examination of policy changes since 1995 shows that while the most visible subsidies received nearly all the government's attention, large invisible subsidies remain at the heart of Morocco's housing policy. The framework used here is very general and can be used to compare the Moroccan system with those of similar countries"--Abstract.
