Deep water exiting the Nordic Seas: a pacemaker of North Atlantic circulation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Deep water exiting the Nordic Seas: a pacemaker of North Atlantic circulation write by McDonagh, Elaine. This book was released on 2022-04-28. Deep water exiting the Nordic Seas: a pacemaker of North Atlantic circulation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-533/ This project focused on the deep water exported from the southern boundary of the Nordic Seas at the Greenland-Scotland Ridge through a series of sills. These so-called overflow waters contribute to the structure and strength of the overturning circulation that is fundamental to our climate system. Further these overflow waters contribute to the deep and long-term storage of heat and carbon that reduces atmospheric increases in heat and carbon and mitigate climate change.The project brought together Nordic experts at a three-day workshop in June 2021 to assess available observations and models regarding the properties, transports and fate of the overflow waters. In addition to identifying knowledge gaps the group proposed a list of recommendations for a strategy for observations and modelling in order to improve future monitoring and understanding.
Ocean Circulation
Ocean Circulation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ocean Circulation write by Open Open University. This book was released on 2001-09-17. Ocean Circulation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This second edition retains the general structure of the first edition, buthas been updated in the light of recent oceanographic research, and improvedas a teaching text on the basis of feedback from past students and otherreaders.Notable additions include new sections addressing the topic ofnumerical modelling, and more discussion of natural oscillations in theocean-atmosphere system (previously confined to the El Niño phenomenon). Inparticular, the Chapter on the North Atlantic now includes a discussion ofthe North Atlantic Oscillation, as well as of the Great Salinity Anomaly. Inthe final Chapter, treatment of water mass formation has been updated toreflect recent ideas about the processes involved and how they relate toclimatic change over different time-scales, from decades to millennia.High quality full colour diagramsSubstantial chapter summaries ideal for revisionAnswers, hints and notes for questions at back of the book
Variability in Formation, Properties, and Transport of North Atlantic Deep Water
Variability in Formation, Properties, and Transport of North Atlantic Deep Water - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Variability in Formation, Properties, and Transport of North Atlantic Deep Water write by Jannes Koelling. This book was released on 2020. Variability in Formation, Properties, and Transport of North Atlantic Deep Water available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. North Atlantic Deep Water is found in much of the deep Atlantic Ocean, and its formation in the Labrador and Nordic Seas and subsequent southward export are a vital part of global ocean circulation and Earth's climate system. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to better understand the processes controlling variability of North Atlantic Deep Water formation, properties, and transport in the Atlantic Ocean. Chapter 1 uses data from the central Labrador Sea during winter to estimate the uptake of oxygen associated with deep convection in 2014-15. The results show that intense air-sea exchange results in an uptake of 29.1 ± 3.8 mol m^-2 during the convective season, with much of the flux being associated with injection of air bubbles. Chapter 2 looks at lateral fluxes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrate from the Labrador Sea's boundary current into the center of the basin during the summertime productive season. Lateral fluxes are found to play an important role for the carbon and nitrate budgets immediately below the mixed layer, with respiration rates underestimated by up to 50% if they are ignored. In chapter 3, gravity measurements from satellites are used to investigate variability in ocean circulation. After trends in the data are validated using independent measurements, they are used to study decadal circulation changes of North Atlantic Deep Water in the North Atlantic Ocean. The analysis reveals a strengthening of the interior branch of North Atlantic Deep Water flow, with transport increasing by 13.9 ± 3.7 Sv (1 Sv = 10^6 m^3 s^-1 ), balanced by a weaker southward flow in the Deep Western Boundary Current. A twenty-year record of mooring data is analyzed in chapter 4 to investigate changes in North Atlantic Deep Water transport at 16°N. Multi-decadal variability is observed in the transport time series, and is largely associated with density changes in the lower half of the North Atlantic Deep Water layer, which in turn appear to be caused by changes in the source region. The data are also compared to another transport time series at 26°N, and similarities and differences are discussed.
A Study of the Large Scale Circulation and Water Mass Formation in the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean
A Study of the Large Scale Circulation and Water Mass Formation in the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook A Study of the Large Scale Circulation and Water Mass Formation in the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean write by Cecilie Mauritzen. This book was released on 1993. A Study of the Large Scale Circulation and Water Mass Formation in the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In this thesis, production of dense water that feeds the dense overflows across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge has been considered A new circulation scheme is developed which is consistent with the water masses, currents and air-sea fluxes in the region, and with the important observation that the dense overflows show little or no seasonal or interannual variability. An inverse box model has been constructed that shows that the new circulation scheme is consistent with conservation statements for mass, heat and salt as well. According to the new circulation scheme the major buoyancy is lost in the North Atlantic Current, which enters the Norwegian Sea between Iceland and Scotland, and flows northward towards the Arctic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The transformation is due to a large net annual heat loss over the North Atlantic Current, combined with a long residence time (2-3 years) and a large surface area. After subduction, one branch of the North Atlantic Current enters the Arctic Ocean, is modified in hydrographic properties into those associated with the Denmark Strait Overflow Waters in the western North Atlantic, exits the Arctic Ocean in the western Fram Strait and flows with the East Greenland Current towards the Denmark Strait Another branch of the North Atlantic Current recirculates directly in the Fram Strait and flows towards the Denmark Strait with the East Greenland Current This branch will not sink to the bottom of the North Atlantic as it is less compressible than the Arctic branch. The third branch of the North Atlantic Current enters the Barents Sea, continues to lose buoyancy, and enters the Arctic Ocean at intermediate depth. This branch exits the Arctic Ocean in the western Fram Strait, circulates around the Greenland Sea, enters the Norwegian Sea, and flows towards the Faeroe-Shetland Channel. The traditional view holds that the major sources of the dense overflows are the Iceland and Greenland gyres, west of the North Atlantic Current. Aside from the finding that the new circulation scheme is more likely in terms of water mass properties, currents etc., one fundamental problem with the old scheme lies with supplying a substantial overflow. There are indications that the production of dense water in the gyres is sensitive to the highly variable surface conditions and that indeed the production tends to shut on and off. The reservoirs in the gyres are so small that they would be drained within a few years if they were to supply the overflows during a shutdown period. Production of dense water within the North Atlantic Current is less sensitive to surface conditions. The density in the gyres is gained at a temperature around freezing, whereas in the North Atlantic Current the density is gained well above freezing. Therefore a freshwater anomaly in the two domains will have different consequences for vertical · overturning: within the North Atlantic Current the freshening can be overcome by further cooling, whereas in the gyres freezing will occur and the vertical overturning will cease. The observed lack of a significant seasonal signal associated with the dense overflows is consistent with the new circulations scheme. The net annual cooling dominates the seasonal oscillation in the atmospheric heat loss for time scales comparable with the residence time of the Atlantic Water within the domain. Thus winter formation of dense water within the North Atlantic Current does not induce a seasonal signal in the transport field of the dense water.
The Nordic Seas
The Nordic Seas - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Nordic Seas write by Helge Drange. This book was released on 2005-01-14. The Nordic Seas available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 158. The world's largest positive temperature deviation from zonal mean temperatures lies within the realm of the Nordic Seas, comprising bodies of water variously referred to as the Norwegian Sea, the Iceland Sea, and the Greenland Sea. Its role as a mixing cauldron for waters entering from the North Atlantic and the Arctic Oceans, and its function as a major source of deep and abyss water, make our understanding of the Nordic Seas a crucial element in advancing the knowledge of climate dynamics in the Northern Hemisphere. In this context, its small extent (covering only 0.75% of the area of the world's oceans) and its unique location, which allows for accessibility and detailed exploration, are of special significance. The current book speaks to that significance specifically and also to assessing the region's present and future response to, and influence on, global climate change. It is the first such work since B. G. Hurdle's groundbreaking The Nordic Seas (published in 1986).
