Delayed Seed Germination in Whitebark Pine and Regeneration Patterns Following the Yellowstone Fires - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Delayed Seed Germination in Whitebark Pine and Regeneration Patterns Following the Yellowstone Fires write by Diana F. Tomback. This book was released on 2001. Delayed Seed Germination in Whitebark Pine and Regeneration Patterns Following the Yellowstone Fires available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds are dispersed by Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), a bird that makes caches under 2-3 cm of soil. Cached seeds may delay germination for one or more years in part because of underdeveloped embryos at the time of seed dispersal. Consequently, whitebark pine may show a soil seed bank strategy that is unique among pines (Pinaceae, Pinus). From 1990 to 1995 we studied natural whitebark pine regeneration following the 1988 Yellowstone fires to determine: (1) whether whitebark pine typically exhibits delayed seed germination and, if so, (2) how this affects patterns of regeneration over time, and (3) whether germination is the result of seed maturation or is stimulated by high levels of moisture availability. We established 275 permanent plots, each 20 m2 in area, divided between Henderson Mountain, Gallatin National Forest, Montana, and Mt. Washburn, Yellowstone National Park. In the Henderson Mountain study area, the ecological conditions or "treatments'' included: dry, burned; moist, burned; dry, unburned; and moist, unburned. In the Mt. Washburn study area, the ecological treatments were dry, burned; moist, burned; and moist, moderately burned. Synchronous delayed seed germination occurred throughout both study areas. The greatest densities of new seedlings appeared in the summers of 1991 and 1993, but the greatest cone crops were produced in 1989 and 1991. Most germination followed two winters of seed dormancy. Regeneration densities were consistently highest on the Mt. Washburn moist treatments. High correlation between weighted means for new regeneration and March-plus-April precipitation, as well as the results of residual and multiple regression analyses, suggests that cone production two years prior and March-plus-April precipitation together account for the regeneration patterns in the Mt. Washburn study area. The role of precipitation requires a further study.
Yellowstone in the Afterglow
Yellowstone in the Afterglow - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Yellowstone in the Afterglow write by Mary Ann Franke. This book was released on 2000. Yellowstone in the Afterglow available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Whitebark Pine Communities
Whitebark Pine Communities - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Whitebark Pine Communities write by Diana F. Tomback. This book was released on 2001. Whitebark Pine Communities available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Whitebark pine is a dominant feature of western high-mountain regions, offering an important source of food and high-quality habitat for species ranging from Clark's nutcracker to the grizzly bear. But in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada, much of the whitebark pine is disappearing. Why is a high-mountain species found in places rarely disturbed by humans in trouble? And what can be done about it.Whitebark Pine Communities addresses those questions, explaining how a combination of altered fire regimes and fungal infestation is leading to a rapid decline of this once abundant -- and ecologically vital -- species. Leading experts in the field explain what is known about whitebark pine communities and their ecological value, examine its precarious situation, and present the state of knowledge concerning restoration alternatives. The book. presents an overview of the ecology and status of whitebark pine communities offers a basic understanding of whitebark pine taxonomy, distribution, and ecology, including environmental tolerances, community disturbance processes, regeneration processes, species interactions, and genetic population structure identifies the threats to whitebark pine communities explains the need for management intervention surveys the extent of impact and losses to dateMore importantly, the book clearly shows that the knowledge and management tools are available to restore whitebark pine communities both locally and on a significant scale regionally, and it provides specific information about what actions can and must be taken.Whitebark Pine Communities offers a detailed portrait of the ecology of whitebark pine communities and the current threats to them. It brings together leading experts to provide in-depth information on research needs, management approaches, and restoration activities, and will be essential reading for ecologists, land managers, and anyone concerned with the health of forest ecosystems in the western United States.
Regeneration and Survival of Whitebark Pine After the 1988 Yellowstone Fires
Regeneration and Survival of Whitebark Pine After the 1988 Yellowstone Fires - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Regeneration and Survival of Whitebark Pine After the 1988 Yellowstone Fires write by Diana F. Tomback. This book was released on 2011. Regeneration and Survival of Whitebark Pine After the 1988 Yellowstone Fires available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Successional whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) communities are dependent on fire and other disturbances for renewal (Arno 2001). Where whitebark pine regenerates results from cache site selection by Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) in relation to the environmental tolerances of seeds and seedlings (Tomback 2001). After the 1988 Yellowstone fires, we studied the development of upper subalpine forest communities with particular focus on the regeneration of whitebark pine in two study areas - Mt. Washburn in Yellowstone National Park, and Henderson Mtn. in Gallatin National Forest. Fire history and patterns of community regeneration of the predominantly seral lodgepole pine forests in the southcentral and southwestern regions of Yellowstone National Park have been well studied (e.g., Romme 1982; Turner and others 1997), whereas whitebark pine communities have been less studied.
Yellowstone’s Birds
Yellowstone’s Birds - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Yellowstone’s Birds write by Douglas W. Smith. This book was released on 2023-10-10. Yellowstone’s Birds available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A beautifully illustrated survey of Yellowstone’s breathtaking birdlife, written by a team of renowned ornithologists and wildlife biologists Established in 1872, Yellowstone National Park is the oldest and arguably the most famous national park in North America, attracting millions of visitors each year. While many come to the park for its recreational activities, the wildlife of Yellowstone is just as alluring. This book brings together more than 30 leading experts to provide the first comprehensive survey of the natural history, science, and conservation of birds in Yellowstone. Covering most bird species breeding within the great park as well as the many migrants that pass through, Yellowstone’s Birds is a scientific tour de force and an essential resource for visitors to Yellowstone and bird lovers everywhere. Tallies more than 200 species, including migrants Describes the natural history, status, and latest science on the birds of Yellowstone Features fact-filled, easy-to-read chapters, informative sidebar essays, maps, infographics, and photos that present current science in an easily understood way Accompanied by videos by award-winning cinematographer Bob Landis Draws on a wealth of data on Yellowstone’s birds collected over many decades With contributions by many of today’s leading bird experts, this is a long-overdue survey of Yellowstone’s breathtaking avian fauna
