Diet-Microbe Interactions in the Gut - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Diet-Microbe Interactions in the Gut write by Kieran Tuohy. This book was released on 2014-08-04. Diet-Microbe Interactions in the Gut available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Drawing on expert opinions from the fields of nutrition, gut microbiology, mammalian physiology, and immunology, Diet-Microbe Interactions for Human Health investigates the evidence for a unified disease mechanism working through the gut and its resident microbiota, and linking many inflammation-related chronic diet associated diseases. State of the art post-genomic studies can highlight the important role played by our resident intestinal microbiota in determining human health and disease. Many chronic human diseases associated with modern lifestyles and diets — including those localized to the intestinal tract like inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease, and more pervasive systemic conditions such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease — are characterized by aberrant profiles of gut bacteria or their metabolites. Many of these diseases have an inflammatory basis, often presenting with a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, hinting at persistent and inappropriate activation of inflammatory pathways. Through the presentation and analysis of recent nutrition studies, this book discusses the possible mechanisms underpinning the disease processes associated with these pathologies, with high fat diets appearing to predispose to disease, and biologically active plant components, mainly fiber and polyphenols, appearing to reduce the risk of chronic disease development. One comprehensive, translational source for all aspects of nutrition and diet's effect on gastrointestinal health and disease Experts in nutrition, diet, microbiology and immunology take readers from the bench research (cellular and biochemical mechanisms of vitamins and nutrients) to new preventive and therapeutic approaches Clear presentations by leading researchers of the cellular mechanisms underlying diet, immune response, and gastrointestinal disease help practicing nutritionists and clinicians (gastroenterologists, endocrinologists) map out new areas for clinical research and structuring clinical recommendations
The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host-Microbe Interactions
The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host-Microbe Interactions - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host-Microbe Interactions write by Zongxin Ling. This book was released on 2022-03-07. The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host-Microbe Interactions available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health
The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health write by Food Forum. This book was released on 2013-02-27. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included: The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies. Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment.
P4-33-01 - Food & Nutrition: The Driving Factors of Our Gut Microbes
P4-33-01 - Food & Nutrition: The Driving Factors of Our Gut Microbes - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook P4-33-01 - Food & Nutrition: The Driving Factors of Our Gut Microbes write by Matthias Scholz. This book was released on 2017. P4-33-01 - Food & Nutrition: The Driving Factors of Our Gut Microbes available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Introduction: The gut microbiome has attracted much attention in the last decade due to new studies and technologies revealing how gut microbes play a key role in human health and disease risk. However, we still know little about how diets, foods and nutrients shape the gut microbiome.Materials and Methods:To expand our knowledge about the complex relationship between nutrient intake and intestinal bacteria, we performed a broad dietary study covering diverse foods and nutrient intakes of nearly 100 adults. We analyzed metataxonomic data from 16S rRNA sequencing and correlated the microbial abundances of the top 55 dominant taxonomic groups with collected intakes of 40 food groups and 44 nutritional parameters, as well as degree of adherence to healthy eating patterns. Based on Spearman correlation profiles and hierarchical clustering, we also identified food groups and nutritional parameters that modulate in a similar manner microbial community structure.Results: We will present preliminary results showing direct effects of specific dietary patterns (e.g. adherence to the Mediterranean style diet), food groups (e.g., fruits, nuts, dairy) and nutrients (e.g. iron, magnesium, zinc) on specific genera of the gut microbiota. We found significant associations between alcohol and the bacterial genus Holdemania. We will show that food groups supposed to belong to the same higher-level food category do not always show the expected effect on the gut microbes, which supports the need for a detailed food classification scheme to investigate dietary effects. Similarly, we found that correlations at dietary and higher food group levels more consistently reflect existing diet:microbe associations from the literature while correlations at the nutrient level are prone to confounding factors only apparent at higher alimentary ontology.Discussion: Our study aims at a more complete understanding of the complex relations between human diet and gut microbiome community structure. Initial results confirm that both the quantity of a nutrient and the dietary source of a nutrient can both influence associations with gut bacteria. Our results may help to define new strategies for modelling diet:microbe interactions in the gut providing a new valuable tool to assist the nutrition and gut microbiome communities.Conflict of interest:There is no conflict of interest.
Gut Microbiome in Rats
Gut Microbiome in Rats - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Gut Microbiome in Rats write by Heli Jaime Barron Pastor. This book was released on 2017. Gut Microbiome in Rats available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Host-microbe interactions are now considered essential for maintaining host health. It is known that short and long term dietary interventions influences the structure and activity of gut bacterial communities. However, our understanding of the forces shaping the gut microbiota is still limited and controversial, and most of the studies of the gut microbiota use the microbiota from faeces as a proxy for the intestinal tract populations. As such, the overarching aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of host-microbiome interactions using an animal model. In this thesis I describe the effect of diet changes on microbial community structure and host-microbiome interactions following 14 weeks on one of the three experimental diets. The diets consisted of a basal diet low in fibre (LF); the basal diet together with 26% cellulose; a difficult to ferment fibre (HF); and the basal diet together with 50% dried cooked red kidney beans (B); a diet relatively high in easily fermentable fibre. These diets were fed to 45, 21 day old female Wistar rats originating from 6 litters for 14 weeks. Diet had little effect on rat growth rates or adult body mass. However, diet had profound effects on gastro-intestinal morphology and dynamics. Caecum size was smallest in animals fed the LF diet, and caecums were about 2x as large in animals fed the B diet, while animals on the HF diet had intermediate-sized caecums. Food transit times were slowest in animals on the B and LF diets and fastest in animals on the HF diets. At the end of the diet experiment, colon and caecum contents were collected when the animals were killed and short chain fatty acids, nitrogen, carbon, as well fibre concentrations were determined. These data showed that the 'chemical' environment of the hindgut varied substantially among animals fed the different diets. E. coli diversity and dynamics were described by characterizing more than three thousand isolates. E. coli diversity was low, and more than 97% of the isolates were represent by three strains: one phylogroup B2 strain and two phylogroup B1 strains. A decline of the frequency of the B2 strain in the animals fed on the bean diet was observed. The faecal microbiota was characterized when the animals were 21 days old, while faecal, caecal and rectal microbial communities characterized at the end of the experiment. 16S amplicon sequencing of the V4 region on the Ion Torrent platform was the approach used to characterize the microbiota. Members of 23 microbial families were detected in communities of the animals before and after 14 weeks on the experimental diets. At the start of the experiment there were significant litter membership effects on the structure of the faecal microbial communities. After 14 weeks on the experimental diets, both litter and diet explained a significant amount of the variation in microbial community structure. There were substantial differences in the microbial communities of the caecum and rectum and the extent of these differences depended on diet and on the time taken for material to move through the hindgut. The outcomes of the present study make a contribution to our understanding of the factors that shape gut microbial communities. Microbial characterization of faecal samples is frequently used as proxy of gut microbiota. However, stool samples are probably most likely representative of the microbial communities in the rectum than other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, the findings also throw doubt on the value of faecal community characterization as a means to understand community structure and function in the gastro-intestinal tract. Further, the results of these experiments suggest that efforts attempting to achieve positive health outcomes through diet manipulation may have limited success in general due to among individual differences in microbial community composition, and in how these different communities respond to dietary manipulation.
