Effectiveness of Residential Water Conservation Price and Nonprice Programs - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Effectiveness of Residential Water Conservation Price and Nonprice Programs write by Ari Montgomery Michelsen. This book was released on 1998. Effectiveness of Residential Water Conservation Price and Nonprice Programs available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The purpose of this study is to build upon and extend previous water conservation research efforts of price and nonprice conservation programs on residential water demand in different urban areas of the southwestern United States. The primary research objectives are to: (1) develop residential water demand models to examine the effectiveness of price and nonprice programs; (2) develop and document a database of residential water demand in selected study ares; (3) evaluate the effectiveness of price and nonprice conservation programs using the water demand models and database developed for this study; and (4) examine the applicability of extending regional water demand relationships and results of conservation program effectiveness to other cities in the region. Specific issues examines on regional, seasonal and individual city basis include: How responsive are consumers to changes in the price of water?; are consumers responding to the average price, marginal price, or some combination of the two?; How does demand change or respond to implementation of nonprice conservation program? Is it appropriate to model and apply results on effectiveness to other cities in the region? The scope in terms of number and cross section of cities, detail of observations (monthly time periods), length of time covered and inclusion of price and nonprice programs combined with the analytical techniques used, contribute to making his one of the most comprehensive studies conducted on residential water use and the effectiveness of conservation programs. The research techniques and results of this evaluation will benefit water utilities and consumers through lower costs and more secure water supplies because of improved understanding and better planning and implementation of residential price, rate structure and nonprice conservation programs.
Residential Water Use, Rate, Revenue, and Nonprice Conservation Program Database
Residential Water Use, Rate, Revenue, and Nonprice Conservation Program Database - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Residential Water Use, Rate, Revenue, and Nonprice Conservation Program Database write by Ari Montgomery Michelsen. This book was released on 1997. Residential Water Use, Rate, Revenue, and Nonprice Conservation Program Database available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Water Conservation in Urban Households
Water Conservation in Urban Households - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Water Conservation in Urban Households write by Sonia Ferdous Hoque. This book was released on 2014-04-14. Water Conservation in Urban Households available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. On the one hand, population and economic growth are increasing the demand for water but on the other, environmental consequences of climate change, pollution and over extraction of groundwater are decreasing the worlds supply of fresh water. This makes the availability of water for human use one of the greatest global concerns of this century. Neither levelling growth nor technological innovation can stretch the existing supplies significantly; hence, it is imperative that demand side management techniques such as the use of water efficient fixtures in urban households, appropriate water tariff structure and regulatory policies are used as tools for water conservation. Conservation of water resources is one of the important aspects of ensuring sustainable development of cities and should incorporate environmental, social and economic dimensions. This book highlights the importance of using water efficiently in urban households, in both developed and developing cities. Specifically, the book focuses on: the determinants of water conservation behaviour, including psychological factors such as values, beliefs and attitudes, socio-economic factors such as income, water pricing and policies, environmental factors such as seasonal variations and demographic factors such as household size and age; the role of policies such as mandatory water restrictions, labelling of water saving devices and promotion of public awareness; the role of water and wastewater tariff structures in achieving the goals of revenue generation, affordability, demand management and equity and the design of conservation oriented rate structures; and the role of water saving devices in providing technological solutions to household water conservation. In relation to the above issues, the book provides several detailed case studies of cities to understand the effectiveness of such demand management tools and the lessons learnt. Overall, the book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various price and non-price tools that can be used to manage domestic water consumption. Water Conservation in Urban Households is a one-stop repository of information on water conservation for academics, practitioners and policy makers. The text can be used for teaching and research on water demand management as well as for professional reference by water utility officials. In addition, the appendix of the book contains a database of the current domestic water and wastewater tariffs and monthly bills of selected cities, which will be helpful for those willing to conduct research in this field. Author: Sonia Ferdous Hoque, University of Leeds, UK.
Residential Water Use, Rate, Revenue, and Nonprice Conservation Program Database
Residential Water Use, Rate, Revenue, and Nonprice Conservation Program Database - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Residential Water Use, Rate, Revenue, and Nonprice Conservation Program Database write by Ari Montgomery Michelsen. This book was released on 1998. Residential Water Use, Rate, Revenue, and Nonprice Conservation Program Database available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This report describes and contains the information and database developed for the research study Effectiveness of Residential Water Conservation Price and Nonprice Programs (Michelsen, McGuckin and Stumpf 1998). The water demand, price and conservation program information documented in this report is the result of research and data collection efforts and utility cooperation initiated in 1991 by William Bruvold and continued by the researchers of this report through a consortium of universities. The study encompasses seven water utilities in three western states- California, Colorado and New Mexico. The information gathered, developed and refined for this study was digitized and a database created in spreadsheet format for analysis. Database structure, variable names, definitions, computational adjustments and study area characteristics are described in this report. Water demand model descriptions and analysis results of this research are presented in another publication of the AWWA Research Foundation by Michelsen, McGuckin and Stumpf (1998) entitled Effectiveness of Residential Water Conservation Price and Nonprice Programs.
Heterogeneous Responses to Water Conservation Programs
Heterogeneous Responses to Water Conservation Programs - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Heterogeneous Responses to Water Conservation Programs write by W. Michael Hanemann. This book was released on 2006. Heterogeneous Responses to Water Conservation Programs available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. We propose a detailed analysis of heterogeneity in households' responses to water conservation programs (price increase, voluntary and mandatory conservation) during periods of water shortage. Using a unique dataset covering water consumption of all residential users in Los Angeles (California) during the drought (1988-1992), we show that households generally were responsive to the conservation measures but that the magnitude of households' responses varies depending on the instrument and on households' characteristics, in particular the size of their lot. Price elasticity is estimated between -0.29 and -0.47 in the high season (June-October), and between 0 and -0.19 in the low season (November-May). Results suggest that the voluntary conservation program [resp. mandatory conservation program] induced a reduction in water use which varies from 1 to 13% [resp. 21% to 29%] depending on the season and the size of the lot. The achieved reduction in consumption is however very similar across households. These data also allow us to compare the effectiveness of price and nonprice policies in terms of water savings. Finally, welfare calculations suggest that households with the smallest lot sizes (and lowest income) suffered the greatest loss during the implementation of the water conservation programs.
