Electrical Activity and Cell Fate Specification in the Normal Developing Brain and in Neuropsychiatric Disease - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Electrical Activity and Cell Fate Specification in the Normal Developing Brain and in Neuropsychiatric Disease write by Georgia Panagiotakos. This book was released on 2014. Electrical Activity and Cell Fate Specification in the Normal Developing Brain and in Neuropsychiatric Disease available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Mutations in CACNA1C, the gene encoding the L-type voltage gated calcium channel (LTC) Cav1.2, have been associated with autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. In this thesis, I investigated the role of activity through the LTC Cav1.2 on the generation of excitatory projection neurons in the developing cortex. LTCs such as Cav1.2 convert electrical activity into calcium signals that activate programs of gene expression in the developing nervous system. A gain of function mutation in an alternatively spliced exon of Cav1.2 causes Timothy Syndrome (TS), a multisystemic disorder characterized by cardiac arrhythmias and autism. Using an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) platform, our lab previously reported that neurons from TS patients have altered gene expression suggesting a change in the abundance and laminar identity of early-born cortical projection neurons. As part of my thesis work, I demonstrated that Cav1.2 is expressed in the developing cortex in the mouse and human brain, and that GABA depolarization-induced calcium rises in NPCs and immature neurons can be completely blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of LTCs. I then found that splicing of Cav1.2 is dynamically regulated during mouse embryonic brain development and in human iPSC-derived cells. The exon containing the TS mutation is predominantly expressed in immature cells, and the TS mutation causes subtle alterations in Cav1.2 mRNA splicing, resulting in overabundance of the mutant exon in Cav1.2 transcripts. Through a series of in utero electroporation experiments mimicking TS, I found that over-expressing TS or wild type Cav1.2 in vivo recapitulates the differentiation defects reflected by our gene expression studies in iPSC-derived TS neurons, resulting in reduced SATB2-expressing putative callosally projecting neurons and increased CTIP2-expressing subcortically projecting cells. Over-expressing a channel that cannot carry calcium eliminates this effect, supporting the idea that excess calcium signaling may underlie differentiation defects observed in TS patient cells. In utero loss of function of Cav1.2 has the opposite effect, resulting in an overabundance of SATB2-expressing cells in the cortical plate. In a collaborative project exploring another genetically defined form of autism caused by deletion of the 16p11.2 genomic locus, we also observed a reduction in SATB2-expressing cells, suggesting the possibility of common cortical differentiation defects across ASDs. Together, this work indicates that altered expression of Cav1.2 can bidirectionally regulate the differentiation of early-born cortical projection neurons and seeds the idea that the abundance of SATB2 and CTIP2-expressing cells may be a point of convergence for multiple psychiatric disorders.
Discovering the Brain
Discovering the Brain - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Discovering the Brain write by National Academy of Sciences. This book was released on 1992-01-01. Discovering the Brain available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Developmental Psychopathology, Volume 2
Developmental Psychopathology, Volume 2 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Developmental Psychopathology, Volume 2 write by Dante Cicchetti. This book was released on 2006-03-31. Developmental Psychopathology, Volume 2 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Developmental Psychopathology, Second Edition, contains in three volumes the most complete and current research on every aspect of developmental psychopathology. This seminal reference work features contributions from national and international expert researchers and clinicians who bring together an array of interdisciplinary work to ascertain how multiple levels of analysis may influence individual differences, the continuity or discontinuity of patterns and the pathways by which the same developmental outcomes may be achieved. This volume addresses theoretical perspectives and methodological.
The Mouse Nervous System
The Mouse Nervous System - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Mouse Nervous System write by Charles Watson. This book was released on 2011-11-28. The Mouse Nervous System available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Mouse Nervous System provides a comprehensive account of the central nervous system of the mouse. The book is aimed at molecular biologists who need a book that introduces them to the anatomy of the mouse brain and spinal cord, but also takes them into the relevant details of development and organization of the area they have chosen to study. The Mouse Nervous System offers a wealth of new information for experienced anatomists who work on mice. The book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. Systematic consideration of the anatomy and connections of all regions of the brain and spinal cord by the authors of the most cited rodent brain atlases A major section (12 chapters) on functional systems related to motor control, sensation, and behavioral and emotional states A detailed analysis of gene expression during development of the forebrain by Luis Puelles, the leading researcher in this area Full coverage of the role of gene expression during development and the new field of genetic neuroanatomy using site-specific recombinases Examples of the use of mouse models in the study of neurological illness
Tourette Syndrome
Tourette Syndrome - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Tourette Syndrome write by Davide Martino. This book was released on 2022. Tourette Syndrome available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Tourette syndrome (TS) has become increasingly recognised within society and has gained scientific interest worldwide. Knowledge of its clinical presentation, mechanisms of disease, and available treatment approaches has increased remarkably over the last two decades. Likewise, the way clinicians, teachers, social care workers, and families face the problems manifested by patients with TS is rapidly evolving. Tourette Syndrome, edited by Davide Martino and James F. Leckman, offers a unique opportunity to capture this knowledge advance through a comprehensive and up-to-date overview. Tourette Syndrome covers all the main aspects related to TS, analyzing its complex clinical presentation, the novel viewpoints of causes and mechanisms, state-of-the-art assessment techniques, and the diversity of treatment options. Multidisciplinarity is the main asset of this volume, which represents a source of consultation for a wide audience of professionals, integrated with video tutorials related to particularly complex areas of patient management. Medical and PhD students, as well as post-doctoral scientists, will be able to use the volume as a valuable learning source.
