Energy Efficient High Performance Processors - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Energy Efficient High Performance Processors write by Jawad Haj-Yahya. This book was released on 2018-03-22. Energy Efficient High Performance Processors available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book explores energy efficiency techniques for high-performance computing (HPC) systems using power-management methods. Adopting a step-by-step approach, it describes power-management flows, algorithms and mechanism that are employed in modern processors such as Intel Sandy Bridge, Haswell, Skylake and other architectures (e.g. ARM). Further, it includes practical examples and recent studies demonstrating how modem processors dynamically manage wide power ranges, from a few milliwatts in the lowest idle power state, to tens of watts in turbo state. Moreover, the book explains how thermal and power deliveries are managed in the context this huge power range. The book also discusses the different metrics for energy efficiency, presents several methods and applications of the power and energy estimation, and shows how by using innovative power estimation methods and new algorithms modern processors are able to optimize metrics such as power, energy, and performance. Different power estimation tools are presented, including tools that break down the power consumption of modern processors at sub-processor core/thread granularity. The book also investigates software, firmware and hardware coordination methods of reducing power consumption, for example a compiler-assisted power management method to overcome power excursions. Lastly, it examines firmware algorithms for dynamic cache resizing and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for memory sub-systems.
Energy-Efficient High Performance Computing
Energy-Efficient High Performance Computing - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Energy-Efficient High Performance Computing write by James H. Laros III. This book was released on 2012-09-04. Energy-Efficient High Performance Computing available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In this work, the unique power measurement capabilities of the Cray XT architecture were exploited to gain an understanding of power and energy use, and the effects of tuning both CPU and network bandwidth. Modifications were made to deterministically halt cores when idle. Additionally, capabilities were added to alter operating P-state. At the application level, an understanding of the power requirements of a range of important DOE/NNSA production scientific computing applications running at large scale is gained by simultaneously collecting current and voltage measurements on the hosting nodes. The effects of both CPU and network bandwidth tuning are examined, and energy savings opportunities without impact on run-time performance are demonstrated. This research suggests that next-generation large-scale platforms should not only approach CPU frequency scaling differently, but could also benefit from the capability to tune other platform components to achieve more energy-efficient performance.
High-Performance Energy-Efficient Microprocessor Design
High-Performance Energy-Efficient Microprocessor Design - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook High-Performance Energy-Efficient Microprocessor Design write by Vojin G. Oklobdzija. This book was released on 2007-04-27. High-Performance Energy-Efficient Microprocessor Design available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Written by the world’s most prominent microprocessor design leaders from industry and academia, this book provides complete coverage of all aspects of complex microprocessor design: technology, power management, clocking, high-performance architecture, design methodologies, memory and I/O design, computer aided design, testing and design for testability. The chapters provide state-of-the-art knowledge while including sufficient tutorial material to bring non-experts up to speed. A useful companion to design engineers working in related areas.
Principles of High-Performance Processor Design
Principles of High-Performance Processor Design - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Principles of High-Performance Processor Design write by Junichiro Makino. This book was released on 2021-08-20. Principles of High-Performance Processor Design available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book describes how we can design and make efficient processors for high-performance computing, AI, and data science. Although there are many textbooks on the design of processors we do not have a widely accepted definition of the efficiency of a general-purpose computer architecture. Without a definition of the efficiency, it is difficult to make scientific approach to the processor design. In this book, a clear definition of efficiency is given and thus a scientific approach for processor design is made possible. In chapter 2, the history of the development of high-performance processor is overviewed, to discuss what quantity we can use to measure the efficiency of these processors. The proposed quantity is the ratio between the minimum possible energy consumption and the actual energy consumption for a given application using a given semiconductor technology. In chapter 3, whether or not this quantity can be used in practice is discussed, for many real-world applications. In chapter 4, general-purpose processors in the past and present are discussed from this viewpoint. In chapter 5, how we can actually design processors with near-optimal efficiencies is described, and in chapter 6 how we can program such processors. This book gives a new way to look at the field of the design of high-performance processors.
Low-power System-on-chip Processors for Energy Efficient High Performance Computing
Low-power System-on-chip Processors for Energy Efficient High Performance Computing - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Low-power System-on-chip Processors for Energy Efficient High Performance Computing write by Gaurav Mitra. This book was released on 2017. Low-power System-on-chip Processors for Energy Efficient High Performance Computing available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The High-Performance Computing (HPC) community recognizes energy consumption as a major problem. Extensive research is underway to identify energy-efficient building blocks for future HPC systems. This thesis considers one such system, the Texas Instruments Keystone II, a heterogeneous Low-Power System-on-Chip (LPSoC) processor that combines a quad-core ARM CPU with an octa-core Digital Signal Processor (DSP). It was first released in 2012.Four issues are considered: i) maximizing the Keystone II ARM CPU performance; ii) implementation of the OpenMP programming model for the Keystone II; iii) simultaneous use of ARM and DSP cores across multiple Keystone SoCs; and iv) an energy model for applications running on LPSoCs like the Keystone II and heterogeneous systems in general. Maximizing the performance of the ARM CPU on the Keystone II system is fundamental to its adoption by the HPC community. Key to achieving good performance is exploitation of the ARM vector instructions. This thesis presents the first detailed comparison of the use of ARM compiler intrinsic functions with automatic compiler vectorization across four generations of ARM processors. Comparisons are also made with x86 based platforms and the use of equivalent Intel vector instructions.Implementation of the OpenMP programming model on the Keystone II presents both challenges and opportunities. Challenges in that the OpenMP model was originally developed for a homogeneous environment, and in 2012 work had only just begun to consider its use with accelerators. Opportunities in that shared memory is accessible to all processing elements on the LPSoC. An implementation for the Keystone II that maps OpenMP 4.0 accelerator directives to OpenCL runtime library operations is presented and evaluated. Exploitation of some of the underlying hardware features of the Keystone II is also discussed. Simultaneous use of the ARM and DSP cores across multiple Keystone II boards is fundamental to the creation of commercially viable HPC offering. This thesis presents a proof-of-concept implementation of matrix multiplication (GEMM) on such a commercial system, the nCore BrownDwarf. The BrownDwarf utilizes both Keystone II and Keystone I SoCs through a point-to-point interconnect called Hyperlink. Details of how a novel message passing communication framework across Hyperlink was implemented to support this complex environment are provided.An energy model that can be used to predict energy usage as a function of what fraction of a computation is performed on each of the available compute devices offers the opportunity for making runtime decisions on how best to minimize energy usage. This thesis presents such an energy usage model. Using this model shows that only under certain conditions does there exist an energy-optimal work partition that uses multiple compute devices. To validate the model a high-resolution energy measurement environment is developed and used to gather energy measurements for a matrix multiplication running on a variety of systems. Results presented support the model. Drawing on the four issues noted above and other developments that have occurred since the Keystone II system was first announced, the thesis concludes by making comments regarding the future of LPSoCs as building blocks for HPC systems.
