Estimating Productivity of Water at Different Spatial Scales Using Simulation Modeling - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Estimating Productivity of Water at Different Spatial Scales Using Simulation Modeling write by Peter Droogers. This book was released on 2001. Estimating Productivity of Water at Different Spatial Scales Using Simulation Modeling available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A clear understanding of the current water balance is required to explore options for water saving measures. However, measurement of all the terms in the water balance is infeasible in terms of spatial and temporal scale, but hydrological simulation models can fill the gap between measured and required data. For a basin in Western Turkey, simulation modeling at three different scales, field, irrigation scheme and basin scale, was performed to obtain all terms of the water balance. These water balance numbers were used to calculate the Productivity of Water at the three spatial levels distinguished to assess the performance of the systems.
9789290908487
9789290908487 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook 9789290908487 write by Giordano, Meredith. This book was released on 2017-06-01. 9789290908487 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
A Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation
A Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook A Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation write by Barbara Van Koppen. This book was released on 2002. A Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Although gender issues are today a priority on the agendas of irrigation policy makers, interventionists, farm leaders and researchers, there is still a considerable gap between positive intentions and concrete action. An important but hitherto ignored reason for this is the lack of adequate generic concepts and tools that are policy-relevant and can accommodate the vast variation in irrigation contexts worldwide. The Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation (GPII) aims to fill this gap. In any particular scheme, this tool diagnoses the gendered organization of farming and gender-based inclusion or exclusion in irrigation institutions. It informs irrigation agencies what they themselves can do for effective change-if necessary. The tool also identifies gender issues beyond a strict mandate of irrigation water provision. The Indicator was applied and tested in nine case studies in Africa and Asia. The research report presents the underlying concepts, methodological guidelines and selected applications of the GPII.
Urban Wastewater
Urban Wastewater - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Urban Wastewater write by Wim van der Hoek. This book was released on 2002. Urban Wastewater available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Farming communities in water-scarce regions increasingly practice the use of urban wastewater in agriculture. Untreated urban wastewater is generally considered unacceptable for direct use because of potential health risks. However, in many parts of the world, poor farmers in peri-urban areas use untreated wastewater. This situation is considered likely to continue even in the foreseeable future due to the high investment cost associated with the installation of treatment facilities.
Fundamentals of Smallholder Irrigation
Fundamentals of Smallholder Irrigation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Fundamentals of Smallholder Irrigation write by B. Albinson. This book was released on 2002. Fundamentals of Smallholder Irrigation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Smallholder irrigation systems–where farm sizes generally range from a fraction of a hectare to 10 hectares–pose special management problems, especially where the water available for irrigation is frequently less than the demand. The intensity of system adjustments required to meet individual farmer demands, and the administrative complexity of measuring and accounting water deliveries have generally proven excessive when attempting to meet “on demand†schedules, resulting in chaos (often characterized by illegal tampering with infrastructure, and vast differences of water use intensity at different locations in the system). The alternative–provision of a simple service, based on proportional sharing of available supplies on the basis of landholdings–has been resilient for many years over vast areas. The approach is based on a clear delineation between the part of the irrigation system that is actively managed (at various flow rates and water levels) and the part of the system that operates either at full supply level (with proportional division of water down to the level at which farmers rotate among their individual farms), or is completely shut. This operational design is known as a “structured†system, and has well-defined hydraulic characteristics, simplifying operation and management, in turn allowing a clearer definition of water entitlements and the responsibilities of agency staff and farmers. The approach is particularly suited to areas where water is scarce and discipline is needed to ration water among users. An additional benefit, which has been demonstrated in modeling studies using a well–proven model relating to water and yield, is that the productivity of water (which is more important than the more traditional productivity of land when water is scarce) is substantially increased when deficit irrigation is practiced–a widely observed and predictable response to rationed water supplies. Structured systems are most suited where water is scarce, clear definition of water entitlements is needed, management capacity is limited, and investment resources are limited. The approach to determining critical aspects of a structured system design is described in this report.
