Excerpt: Fiscal Politics - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Excerpt: Fiscal Politics write by Vitor Gaspar. This book was released on 2017. Excerpt: Fiscal Politics available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Excerpt: Fiscal Politics
Excerpt: Fiscal Politics - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Excerpt: Fiscal Politics write by Vitor Gaspar. This book was released on 2017-03-24. Excerpt: Fiscal Politics available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This paper discusses how politics affects policies on the fiscal front. The literature on the political economy of fiscal policy dates back to the nineteenth century when the Italian and Swedish schools of public finance began to analyze how governments choose policies. During the twentieth century, the Public Choice school continued this work and focused on the political incentives and constraints in policy formulation. Elections mainly affect the stabilization and redistribution functions of the government. Proximity of elections can influence the government’s budget decisions in various ways. Ideology heavily influences fiscal policies that pertain to redistribution. Leftwing parties draw their support from workers and the middle- and low-income segments of the population. Thus, they pay particular attention to income inequality, redistribution, social benefits, and interventionist supply-side policies in the form of public provision of human and physical capital. Although the cabinet’s ideology is an important predictor of fiscal policy, it does not always play the same role, especially when the government’s credibility is at stake and they need to reassure financial markets.
Taxing the Rich
Taxing the Rich - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Taxing the Rich write by Kenneth Scheve. This book was released on 2017-11-07. Taxing the Rich available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A groundbreaking history of why governments do—and don't—tax the rich In today's social climate of acknowledged and growing inequality, why are there not greater efforts to tax the rich? In this wide-ranging and provocative book, Kenneth Scheve and David Stasavage ask when and why countries tax their wealthiest citizens—and their answers may surprise you. Taxing the Rich draws on unparalleled evidence from twenty countries over the last two centuries to provide the broadest and most in-depth history of progressive taxation available. Scheve and Stasavage explore the intellectual and political debates surrounding the taxation of the wealthy while also providing the most detailed examination to date of when taxes have been levied against the rich and when they haven't. Fairness in debates about taxing the rich has depended on different views of what it means to treat people as equals and whether taxing the rich advances or undermines this norm. Scheve and Stasavage argue that governments don't tax the rich just because inequality is high or rising—they do it when people believe that such taxes compensate for the state unfairly privileging the wealthy. Progressive taxation saw its heyday in the twentieth century, when compensatory arguments for taxing the rich focused on unequal sacrifice in mass warfare. Today, as technology gives rise to wars of more limited mobilization, such arguments are no longer persuasive. Taxing the Rich shows how the future of tax reform will depend on whether political and economic conditions allow for new compensatory arguments to be made.
Public Financial Management and Its Emerging Architecture
Public Financial Management and Its Emerging Architecture - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Public Financial Management and Its Emerging Architecture write by Mr. M. Cangiano. This book was released on 2013-04-05. Public Financial Management and Its Emerging Architecture available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The first two decades of the twenty-first century have witnessed an influx of innovations and reforms in public financial management. The current wave of reforms is markedly different from those in the past, owing to the sheer number of innovations, their widespread adoption, and the sense that they add up to a fundamental change in the way governments manage public money. This book takes stock of the most important innovations that have emerged over the past two decades, including fiscal responsibility legislation, fiscal rules, medium-term budget frameworks, fiscal councils, fiscal risk management techniques, performance budgeting, and accrual reporting and accounting. Not merely a handbook or manual describing practices in the field, the volume instead poses critical questions about innovations; the issues and challenges that have appeared along the way, including those associated with the global economic crisis; and how the ground can be prepared for the next generation of public financial management reforms. Watch Video of Book Launch
Excerpt: Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality
Excerpt: Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Excerpt: Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality write by Ms.Lisa L Kolovich. This book was released on 2017-10-03. Excerpt: Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Historically, women around the world have had less opportunity than men in education, employment, and health care, and less political representation. The moral argument for gender equality is clear, and the economic evidence is mounting. The International Monetary Fund and other international institutions have focused in recent years on developing a range of approaches to help whittle away at the barriers that prevent girls and women from achieving their full economic potential. This book is based on a joint research project between the IMF and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development on gender budgeting around the world. The book summarizes some of the most prominent gender budgeting efforts in more than 80 countries tried over the last two decades. The research team relied on published materials, developed a questionnaire sent to the ministries of finance of all 189 IMF member countries, and conducted interviews with country officials and international organizations that offer technical assistance to countries seeking to implement gender budgeting. Although the gender gap is shrinking, progress remains uneven across many regions of the world. Gender budgeting allows fiscal authorities to ensure that tax spending and policies address inequality and the advancement of women in areas such as education, health, and economic empowerment. Gender budgeting has been targeted to a variety of goals such as access to education, childcare, and health services; raising female labor force participation; and eradicating violence against women. There are still many lessons to be learned in implementing the appropriate government policies and fiscal measures to continue promoting women’s development and gender equality.
