Experiments, Models, Paper Tools - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Experiments, Models, Paper Tools write by Ursula Klein. This book was released on 2003. Experiments, Models, Paper Tools available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the early nineteenth century, chemistry emerged in Europe as a truly experimental discipline. What set this process in motion, and how did it evolve? Experimentalization in chemistry was driven by a seemingly innocuous tool: the sign system of chemical formulas invented by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius. By tracing the history of this “paper tool,” the author reveals how chemistry quickly lost its orientation to natural history and became a major productive force in industrial society. These formulas were not merely a convenient shorthand, but productive tools for creating order amid the chaos of early nineteenth-century organic chemistry. With these formulas, chemists could create a multifaceted world on paper, which they then correlated with experiments and the traces produced in test tubes and flasks. The author’s semiotic approach to the formulas allows her to show in detail how their particular semantic and representational qualities made them especially useful as paper tools for productive application.
Experiments, Models, Paper Tools
Experiments, Models, Paper Tools - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Experiments, Models, Paper Tools write by Ursula Klein. This book was released on 2022. Experiments, Models, Paper Tools available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the early nineteenth century, chemistry emerged in Europe as a truly experimental discipline. What set this process in motion, and how did it evolve? Experimentalization in chemistry was driven by a seemingly innocuous tool: the sign system of chemical formulas invented by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius. By tracing the history of this "paper tool," the author reveals how chemistry quickly lost its orientation to natural history and became a major productive force in industrial society. These formulas were not merely a convenient shorthand, but productive tools for creating order amid the chaos of early nineteenth-century organic chemistry. With these formulas, chemists could create a multifaceted world on paper, which they then correlated with experiments and the traces produced in test tubes and flasks. The author's semiotic approach to the formulas allows her to show in detail how their particular semantic and representational qualities made them especially useful as paper tools for productive application.
Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences
Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences write by U. Klein. This book was released on 2001-10-31. Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Fourteen chapters provide insights into the efforts of 19th- and 20th-century scientists to construct working representations of invisible objects, such as the structural formula of a dye, a three- dimensional model of a protein, or a table conveying relationships between chemical elements. The essays focus on scientists' pragmatic use of representation, exploring the concrete ways that scientists implement sign systems as productive tools both to achieve and to shape their organizational goals. Editor Klein is associated with the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Representation and Productive Ambiguity in Mathematics and the Sciences
Representation and Productive Ambiguity in Mathematics and the Sciences - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Representation and Productive Ambiguity in Mathematics and the Sciences write by Emily R. Grosholz. This book was released on 2007-08-30. Representation and Productive Ambiguity in Mathematics and the Sciences available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Emily Grosholz offers an original investigation of demonstration in mathematics and science, examining how it works and why it is persuasive. Focusing on geometrical demonstration, she shows the roles that representation and ambiguity play in mathematical discovery. She presents a wide range of case studies in mechanics, topology, algebra, logic, and chemistry, from ancient Greece to the present day, but focusing particularly on the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. She argues that reductive methods are effective not because they diminish but because they multiply and juxtapose modes of representation. Such problem-solving is, she argues, best understood in terms of Leibnizian 'analysis' - the search for conditions of intelligibility. Discovery and justification are then two aspects of one rational way of proceeding, which produces the mathematician's formal experience. Grosholz defends the importance of iconic, as well as symbolic and indexical, signs in mathematical representation, and argues that pragmatic, as well as syntactic and semantic, considerations are indispensable for mathematical reasoning. By taking a close look at the way results are presented on the page in mathematical (and biological, chemical, and mechanical) texts, she shows that when two or more traditions combine in the service of problem solving, notations and diagrams are sublty altered, multiplied, and juxtaposed, and surrounded by prose in natural language which explains the novel combination. Viewed this way, the texts yield striking examples of language and notation that are irreducibly ambiguous and productive because they are ambiguous. Grosholtz's arguments, which invoke Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant, will be of considerable interest to philosophers and historians of mathematics and science, and also have far-reaching consequences for epistemology and philosophy of language.
Beyond the People
Beyond the People - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Beyond the People write by Zoran Oklopcic. This book was released on 2018-05-30. Beyond the People available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Beyond the People develops a provocative, interdisciplinary, and meta-theoretical critique of the idea of popular sovereignty. It asks simple but far-reaching questions: Can 'imagined' communities, or 'invented' peoples, ever be theorized without, at the same time, being re-imagined and re-invented anew? Can polemical concepts, such as popular sovereignty or constituent power, be theorized objectively? If, as this book argues, the answer to these questions is no, theorists who approach the figure of a sovereign people must acknowledge that their activity is inseparable from the practice of constituent imagination. Though widely accepted as important, even vital, for the development of political concepts, the social practice of imagination is almost always presumed to operate either historically or impersonally, but seldom individually. Those who theorize the figures of popular sovereignty do not see that they are, in effect, 'conjurors' of peoplehood. This book invites constitutional, international, normative, and other political and legal theorists of sovereign peoplehood to embrace the conjuring-side of their professional identities, as a way of exploring the possibility of moving beyond eternally recurring, insolvable, and increasingly irrelevant questions. Instead of asking: Who is the people? What is the function of constituent power? Where may the people exercise its right to self-determination? Beyond the People asks the reader to consider the prospect of a riskier and more adventurous theoretical road, that opens with the question: What do I as a 'theorist-imaginer', or 'conjuror of peoplehood', assume, anticipate, and aspire to as I theorize the vehicles that mediate the assumptions, anticipations, and aspirations of others? This question is examined throughout the book as it interrogates the idea of peoplehood beyond disciplinary boundaries, showing how polemical, visual, affective, conceptual, and allegorical language critically shapes our idea of peoplehood. It offers a nuanced account of the contested relationship between the social imaginary of peoplehood on the ground, and the imaginative practices of the professional 'conjurors' of peoplehood in the academy.
