Exploring the Disruptive Impact of Lethal Autonomous Weapon System Diffusion in Southeast Asia - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Exploring the Disruptive Impact of Lethal Autonomous Weapon System Diffusion in Southeast Asia write by Austin Wyatt. This book was released on 2020. Exploring the Disruptive Impact of Lethal Autonomous Weapon System Diffusion in Southeast Asia available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The capacity to generate and project power is central to state relations in what is an inherently anarchic environment. The emergence of a major military innovation acts as a sort of circuit breaker between competitor states. By shifting the paradigm of conflict, a major military innovation can disrupt the conventional superiority of the dominant hegemonic state, giving a rising challenger who becomes a successful adopter a distinct advantage over their opponent. This is already apparent with LAWS, with China openly pursuing increasingly autonomous systems as part of a plan to leap-frog the United States, which in turn adopted the Third Offset Strategy and is investing heavily in related technologies. The political, ethical and legal challenges raised by development toward LAWS has prompted a growing body of research. While valuable, there has been a clear focus major states, particularly the United States and China, leaving a gap in understanding of the role of middle powers. Therefore, this thesis focuses on exploring how the diffusion of increasingly autonomous platforms will impact the nature of power projection in the context of Southeast Asian rising middle powers. The key goal of this thesis is to make a substantive contribution to the emerging understanding of how middle states can interact with early generation autonomous weapon systems and the impact of their initial proliferation. This thesis utilises a composite theoretical framework, which builds on Adoption Capacity Theory as the basis for its evaluation of the adoption capacity of Singapore and Indonesia. This thesis will demonstrate how the levelling effect of increasingly autonomous weapon systems will impact relations of power. This thesis concludes by demonstrating how the adoption of autonomous unmanned platforms could assist Singapore and Indonesia to maintain their careful balancing in the event of worsening hegemonic competition between China and the United States.
The Disruptive Impact of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems Diffusion
The Disruptive Impact of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems Diffusion - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Disruptive Impact of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems Diffusion write by Austin Wyatt. This book was released on 2021-11-04. The Disruptive Impact of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems Diffusion available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Challenging the focus on great powers in the international debate, this book explores how rising middle power states are engaging with emerging major military innovations and analyses how this will affect the stability and security of the Indo Pacific. Presenting a data-based analysis of how middle power actors in the Indo-Pacific are responding to the emergence of military Artificial Intelligence and Killer Robots, the book asserts that continuing to exclude non-great power actors from our thinking in this field enables the dangerous diffusion of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) to smaller states and terrorist groups, and demonstrates the disruptive effects of these military innovations on the balance of power in the Indo-Pacific. Offering a detailed analysis of the resource capacities of China, United States, Singapore and Indonesia, it shows how major military innovation acts as a circuit breaker between competitor states disrupting the conventional superiority of the dominant hegemonic state and giving a successful adopter a distinct advantage over their opponent. This book will appeal to researchers, end-users in the military and law enforcement communities, and policymakers. It will also be a valuable resource for researchers interested in strategic stability for the broader Asia-Pacific and the role of middle power states in hegemonic power transition and conflict.
Lethal Autonomous Weapons
Lethal Autonomous Weapons - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Lethal Autonomous Weapons write by Jai Galliott. This book was released on 2021-01-19. Lethal Autonomous Weapons available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "Because of the increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, also commonly known as drones) in various military and para-military (i.e., CIA) settings, there has been increasing debate in the international community as to whether it is morally and ethically permissible to allow robots (flying or otherwise) the ability to decide when and where to take human life. In addition, there has been intense debate as to the legal aspects, particularly from a humanitarian law framework. In response to this growing international debate, the United States government released the Department of Defense (DoD) 3000.09 Directive (2011), which sets a policy for if and when autonomous weapons would be used in US military and para-military engagements. This US policy asserts that only "human-supervised autonomous weapon systems may be used to select and engage targets, with the exception of selecting humans as targets, for local defense ...". This statement implies that outside of defensive applications, autonomous weapons will not be allowed to independently select and then fire upon targets without explicit approval from a human supervising the autonomous weapon system. Such a control architecture is known as human supervisory control, where a human remotely supervises an automated system (Sheridan 1992). The defense caveat in this policy is needed because the United States currently uses highly automated systems for defensive purposes, e.g., Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar (C-RAM) systems and Patriot anti-missile missiles. Due to the time-critical nature of such environments (e.g., soldiers sleeping in barracks within easy reach of insurgent shoulder-launched missiles), these automated defensive systems cannot rely upon a human supervisor for permission because of the short engagement times and the inherent human neuromuscular lag which means that even if a person is paying attention, there is approximately a half-second delay in hitting a firing button, which can mean the difference for life and death for the soldiers in the barracks. So as of now, no US UAV (or any robot) will be able to launch any kind of weapon in an offensive environment without human direction and approval. However, the 3000.09 Directive does contain a clause that allows for this possibility in the future. This caveat states that the development of a weapon system that independently decides to launch a weapon is possible but first must be approved by the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD(P)); the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (USD(AT&L)); and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Not all stakeholders are happy with this policy that leaves the door open for what used to be considered science fiction. Many opponents of such uses of technologies call for either an outright ban on autonomous weaponized systems, or in some cases, autonomous systems in general (Human Rights Watch 2013, Future of Life Institute 2015, Chairperson of the Informal Meeting of Experts 2016). Such groups take the position that weapons systems should always be under "meaningful human control," but do not give a precise definition of what this means. One issue in this debate that often is overlooked is that autonomy is not a discrete state, rather it is a continuum, and various weapons with different levels of autonomy have been in the US inventory for some time. Because of these ambiguities, it is often hard to draw the line between automated and autonomous systems. Present-day UAVs use the very same guidance, navigation and control technology flown on commercial aircraft. Tomahawk missiles, which have been in the US inventory for more than 30 years, are highly automated weapons with accuracies of less than a meter. These offensive missiles can navigate by themselves with no GPS, thus exhibiting some autonomy by today's definitions. Global Hawk UAVs can find their way home and land on their own without any human intervention in the case of a communication failure. The growth of the civilian UAV market is also a critical consideration in the debate as to whether these technologies should be banned outright. There is a $144.38B industry emerging for the commercial use of drones in agricultural settings, cargo delivery, first response, commercial photography, and the entertainment industry (Adroit Market Research 2019) More than $100 billion has been spent on driverless car development (Eisenstein 2018) in the past 10 years and the autonomy used in driverless cars mirrors that inside autonomous weapons. So, it is an important distinction that UAVs are simply the platform for weapon delivery (autonomous or conventional), and that autonomous systems have many peaceful and commercial uses independent of military applications"--
Research Handbook on the Arms Trade
Research Handbook on the Arms Trade - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Research Handbook on the Arms Trade write by Andrew T.H. Tan. This book was released on 2020-12-25. Research Handbook on the Arms Trade available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This comprehensive Research Handbook examines the key drivers of the arms trade, mapping the main trends in Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. It also explores the principal defence markets internationally, including the US, China, India, Russia and the UK in greater detail.
Global Trends
Global Trends - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Global Trends write by National Intelligence Council and Office. This book was released on 2017-02-17. Global Trends available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This edition of Global Trends revolves around a core argument about how the changing nature of power is increasing stress both within countries and between countries, and bearing on vexing transnational issues. The main section lays out the key trends, explores their implications, and offers up three scenarios to help readers imagine how different choices and developments could play out in very different ways over the next several decades. Two annexes lay out more detail. The first lays out five-year forecasts for each region of the world. The second provides more context on the key global trends in train.
