Female Agency in the Urban Economy - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Female Agency in the Urban Economy write by Deborah Simonton. This book was released on 2013-04-17. Female Agency in the Urban Economy available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This innovative new book is overtly and explicitly about female agency in eighteenth-century European towns. However, it positions female activity and decisions unequivocally in an urban world of institutions, laws, regulations, customs and ideologies. Gender politics complicated and shaped the day-to-day experiences of working women. Town rules and customs, as well as police and guilds’ regulations, affected women’s participation in the urban economy: most of the time, the formally recognized and legally accepted power of women – which is an essential component of female agency – was very limited. Yet these chapters draw attention to how women navigated these gendered terrains. As the book demonstrates, "exclusion" is too strong a word for the realities and pragmatism of women’s everyday lives. Frequently guild and corporate regulations were more about situating women and regulating their activities, rather than preventing them from operating in the urban economy. Similarly corporate structures, which were under stress, found flexible strategies to incorporate women who through their own initiative and activities put pressure on the systems. Women could benefit from the contradictions between moral and social unwritten norms and economic regulations, and could take advantage of the tolerance or complicity of urban authorities towards illicit practices. Women with a grasp of their rights and privileges could defend themselves and exploit legal systems with its loopholes and contradictions to achieve economic independence and power.
Female Agency in the Urban Economy: Gender in European Towns, 1640-1830
Female Agency in the Urban Economy: Gender in European Towns, 1640-1830 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Female Agency in the Urban Economy: Gender in European Towns, 1640-1830 write by . This book was released on 2015. Female Agency in the Urban Economy: Gender in European Towns, 1640-1830 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Women and the Informal Economy in Urban Africa
Women and the Informal Economy in Urban Africa - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Women and the Informal Economy in Urban Africa write by Mary Njeri Kinyanjui. This book was released on 2014-06-12. Women and the Informal Economy in Urban Africa available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In this highly original work, Mary Njeri Kinyanjui explores the trajectory of women's movement from the margins of urbanization into the centres of business activities in Nairobi and its accompanying implications for urban planning. While women in much of Africa have struggled to gain urban citizenship and continue to be weighed down by poor education, low income and confinement to domestic responsibilities due to patriarchic norms, a new form of urban dynamism - partly informed by the informal economy - is now enabling them to manage poverty, create jobs and link to the circuits of capital and labour. Relying on social ties, reciprocity, sharing and collaboration, women's informal 'solidarity entrepreneurialism' is taking them away from the margins of business activity and catapulting them into the centre. Bringing together key issues of gender, economic informality and urban planning in Africa, Kinyanjui demonstrates that women have become a critical factor in the making of a postcolonial city.
On Norms and Agency
On Norms and Agency - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook On Norms and Agency write by Ana María Muñoz Boudet. This book was released on 2013-04-25. On Norms and Agency available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Based on focus groups and interviews with nearly 4,000 women, men, girls, and boys from 20 countries, this book explores areas that are less often studied in gender and development: gender norms and agency. It reveals how little gender norms have changed, how similar they are across countries, and how they are being challenged and contested.
Catastrophe, Gender and Urban Experience, 1648-1920
Catastrophe, Gender and Urban Experience, 1648-1920 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Catastrophe, Gender and Urban Experience, 1648-1920 write by Deborah Simonton. This book was released on 2016-10-04. Catastrophe, Gender and Urban Experience, 1648-1920 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. As Enlightenment notions of predictability, progress and the sense that humans could control and shape their environments informed European thought, catastrophes shook many towns to the core, challenging the new world view with dramatic impact. This book concentrates on a period marked by passage from a society of scarcity to one of expenditure and accumulation, from ranks and orders to greater social mobility, from traditional village life to new bourgeois and even individualistic urbanism. The volume employs a broad definition of catastrophe, as it examines how urban communities conceived, adapted to, and were transformed by catastrophes, both natural and human-made. Competing views of gender figure in the telling and retelling of these analyses: women as scapegoats, as vulnerable, as victims, even as cannibals or conversely as defenders, organizers of assistance, inspirers of men; and men in varied guises as protectors, governors and police, heroes, leaders, negotiators and honorable men. Gender is also deployed linguistically to feminize activities or even countries. Inevitably, however, these tragedies are mediated by myth and memory. They are not neutral events whose retelling is a simple narrative. Through a varied array of urban catastrophes, this book is a nuanced account that physically and metaphorically maps men and women into the urban landscape and the worlds of catastrophe.
