Fiscal oppression. A letter to the Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P., on the operation of the high spirit-duties. [Signed: A Scotch distiller.] - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Fiscal oppression. A letter to the Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P., on the operation of the high spirit-duties. [Signed: A Scotch distiller.] write by . This book was released on 1863. Fiscal oppression. A letter to the Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P., on the operation of the high spirit-duties. [Signed: A Scotch distiller.] available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Analyzing Oppression
Analyzing Oppression - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Analyzing Oppression write by Ann E. Cudd. This book was released on 2006. Analyzing Oppression available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Analyzing Oppression presents a new, integrated theory of social oppression, which tackles the fundamental question that no theory of oppression has satisfactorily answered: if there is no natural hierarchy among humans, why are some cases of oppression so persistent? Cudd argues that the explanation lies in the coercive co-opting of the oppressed to join in their own oppression. This answer sets the stage for analysis throughout the book, as it explores the questions of how and why the oppressed join in their oppression. Cudd argues that oppression is an institutionally structured harm perpetrated on social groups by other groups using direct and indirect material, economic, and psychological force. Among the most important and insidious of the indirect forces is an economic force that operates through oppressed persons' own rational choices. This force constitutes the central feature of analysis, and the book argues that this force is especially insidious because it conceals the fact of oppression from the oppressed and from others who would be sympathetic to their plight. The oppressed come to believe that they suffer personal failings and this belief appears to absolve society from responsibility. While on Cudd's view oppression is grounded in material exploitation and physical deprivation, it cannot be long sustained without corresponding psychological forces. Cudd examines the direct and indirect psychological forces that generate and sustain oppression. She discusses strategies that groups have used to resist oppression and argues that all persons have a moral responsibility to resist in some way. In the concluding chapter Cudd proposes a concept of freedom that would be possible for humans in a world that is actively opposing oppression, arguing that freedom for each individual is only possible when we achieve freedom for all others.
The Nation
The Nation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Nation write by . This book was released on 1886. The Nation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Violence in Late Antiquity
Violence in Late Antiquity - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Violence in Late Antiquity write by H.A. Drake. This book was released on 2016-12-05. Violence in Late Antiquity available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. 'Violence' is virtually synonymous in the popular imagination with the period of the Later Roman Empire-a time when waves of barbarian invaders combined with urban mobs and religious zealots to bring an end to centuries of peace and serenity. All of these images come together in the Visigothic sack of the city of Rome in A.D. 410, a date commonly used for the fall of the entire empire. But was this period in fact as violent as it has been portrayed? A new generation of scholars in the field of Late Antiquity has called into question the standard narrative, pointing to evidence of cultural continuity and peaceful interaction between "barbarians" and Romans, Christians and pagans. To assess the state of this question, the fifth biennial 'Shifting Frontiers' conference was devoted to the theme of 'Violence in Late Antiquity'. Conferees addressed aspects of this question from standpoints as diverse as archaeology and rhetoric, anthropology and economics. A selection of the papers then delivered have been prepared for the present volume, along with others commissioned for the purpose and a concluding essay by Martin Zimmerman, reflecting on the theme of the book. The four sections on Defining Violence, 'Legitimate' Violence, Violence and Rhetoric, and Religious Violence are each introduced by a theme essay from a leading scholar in the field. While offering no definitive answer to the question of violence in Late Antiquity, the papers in this volume aim to stimulate a fresh look at this age-old problem.
The Liquidation of Government Debt
The Liquidation of Government Debt - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Liquidation of Government Debt write by Ms.Carmen Reinhart. This book was released on 2015-01-21. The Liquidation of Government Debt available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. High public debt often produces the drama of default and restructuring. But debt is also reduced through financial repression, a tax on bondholders and savers via negative or belowmarket real interest rates. After WWII, capital controls and regulatory restrictions created a captive audience for government debt, limiting tax-base erosion. Financial repression is most successful in liquidating debt when accompanied by inflation. For the advanced economies, real interest rates were negative 1⁄2 of the time during 1945–1980. Average annual interest expense savings for a 12—country sample range from about 1 to 5 percent of GDP for the full 1945–1980 period. We suggest that, once again, financial repression may be part of the toolkit deployed to cope with the most recent surge in public debt in advanced economies.
