Formulary Apportionment for the Internal Market - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Formulary Apportionment for the Internal Market write by Stefan Mayer. This book was released on 2009. Formulary Apportionment for the Internal Market available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Since its Company Tax Communication of 2001, the European Commission has been promoting a comprehensive harmonization of corporation taxes within the Internal Market on the basis of consolidation and formulary apportionment of the profits of cross-border enterprises, both in the form of a Home State Taxation (HST) and of the Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base. This study assesses whether this approach represents a viable alternative to the arm's length standard currently applied in international tax law. The study comprises four parts. First, a theoretical concept of formulary apportionment is presented, followed by an evaluation of the practical experiences of four jurisdictions (United States, Canada, Switzerland and Germany) with formulary apportionment at the subnational level. Next, a proposal for harmonization on the basis of consolidation and apportionment is developed, and the book concludes with an overall analysis of the merits and drawbacks of the proposed model for harmonization.
The Allocation of Multinational Business Income: Reassessing the Formulary Apportionment Option
The Allocation of Multinational Business Income: Reassessing the Formulary Apportionment Option - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Allocation of Multinational Business Income: Reassessing the Formulary Apportionment Option write by Richard Krever. This book was released on 2020-02-20. The Allocation of Multinational Business Income: Reassessing the Formulary Apportionment Option available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Allocation of Multinational Business Income: Reassessing the Formulary Apportionment Option Edited by Richard Krever & François Vaillancourt Although arm’s length methodology continues to prevail in international taxation policy, it has long been replaced by the formulary apportionment method at the subnational level in a few federal countries. Its use is planned for international profit allocation as an element of the European Union’s CCCTB proposals. In this timely book – a global guide to formulary apportionment, both as it exists in practice and how it might function internationally – a knowledgeable group of contributors from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, address this actively debated topic, both in respect of its technical aspects and its promise as a global response to the avoidance, distortions, and unfairness of current allocation systems. Drawing on a wealth of literature considering formulary apportionment in the international sphere and considering decades of experience with the system in the states and provinces of the United States and Canada, the contributors explicate and examine such pertinent issues as the following: the debate about what factors should be used to allocate profits under a formulary apportionment system and experience in jurisdictions using formulary apportionment; application of formulary apportionment in specific sectors such as digital enterprises and the banking industry; the political economy of establishing and maintaining a successful formulary apportionment regime; formulary apportionment proposals for Europe; the role of traditional tax criteria such as economic efficiency, fairness, ease of administration, and robustness to avoidance and incentive compatibility; determining which parts of a multinational group are included in a formulary apportionment unit; and whether innovative profit-split methodologies such as those developed by China are shifting traditional arm’s length methods to a quasi-formulary apportionment system. Providing a comprehensive understanding of all aspects of the formulary apportionment option, this state of the art summary of history, current practice, proposals and prospects in the ongoing debate over arm’s length versus formulary apportionment methodologies will be welcomed by practitioners, policy-makers, and academics concerned with international taxation, all of whom will gain an understanding of the case put forward by proponents for adoption of formulary apportionment in Europe and globally and the counter-arguments they face. Readers will acquire a better understanding of the implications of formulary apportionment and its central role in the current debate about the future of international taxation rules. “...providing (sic) all the intellectual ammunition needed to carefully re-examine one of the ideas traditionally considered as apocryphal by the OECD and to a significant portion of the tax professional community...readers of this book will come away not only with a renewed understanding of the multiple facets of formulary apportionment, but also of some of the fundamental pressure points in the international tax system. Accordingly, it is a welcome and timely addition to the literature. ” Dr. Stjepan Gadžo, Assistant Professor at University of Rijeka, Faculty of Law / British Tax Review 2021, Issue 2, p243-246
Integration Approaches to Group Taxation in the European Internal Market
Integration Approaches to Group Taxation in the European Internal Market - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Integration Approaches to Group Taxation in the European Internal Market write by Ioanna Mitroyanni. This book was released on 2008-10-13. Integration Approaches to Group Taxation in the European Internal Market available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The creation of a group taxation framework to subject affiliated entities resident in more than one EC Member State to a single set of rules is an experiment without precedent. Group taxation normally deals with tax liability in the context of a single jurisdiction. There is no system of group taxation worldwide which embraces more than one fiscal jurisdiction under a single regulatory umbrella. This thought provoking work explores the prospect for creating a group taxation system extending across national borders in the EC. The objective is to specify what shape the elements of such a system should take as well as to identify the areas of complexity or probable impasse. Among the topics covered. The relevant jurisprudential and legislative framework of the European Internal Market; A survey of the tax systems of Canada, Switzerland and the US with a focus on the principles pertaining to the division of power between the federal and sub-federal tiers; The policies for corporate taxation in integrated markets; Administrative concerns: compliance, enforcement, dispute resolution and re-assessment of tax liability; Tests for entitlement to group membership; Tax base integration; - Territorial delineation of the group; and Formulary apportionment. In sum, this book provides valuable insights into an area of significant importance to taxpayers, their advisors and policymakers as well.
Towards a Neutral Formulary Apportionment System in Regional Integration
Towards a Neutral Formulary Apportionment System in Regional Integration - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Towards a Neutral Formulary Apportionment System in Regional Integration write by Shu-Chien Chen. This book was released on 2023-03-09. Towards a Neutral Formulary Apportionment System in Regional Integration available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. International tax regimes and practices are heavily criticized for failing to fairly levy corporate tax on giant multinational taxpayers in the current globalized and digitalized world. This important and far-seeing book demonstrates how formulary apportionment (FA) – an approach by which a multinational corporation pays each jurisdiction’s corporate tax based on the share of its worldwide income allocated to that jurisdiction – can achieve the much-sought goal of aligning value creation and taxation. The author, through an intensive analysis of the European Union’s (EU’s) Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) Directive Proposal(s) and comparison to the United States (US’s) formulary apportionment experience, shows how the perceived problems with an FA system can be overcome and lays out the necessary elements for its feasibility. With detailed attention to the debates around formulary apportionment and its theoretical foundations, the book provides a blueprint for rebuilding the normative framework for the EU’s tax reform by clearly analysing the implications of the following and more: theorising public benefits to be represented by taxation; reorganising different economic theories about tax neutrality and tax justice; advancing the comparative legal research methodology to analyse law reform by combining the functional approach and the problem-solving approach; designing the logical formulary apportionment system for digital economy; ensuring the removal of the incentive for multinationals to shift reported income to low-tax locations; reducing the tax system’s complexity and the administrative burden it imposes on firms; eliminating transfer pricing complexity for intra-firm transactions; achieving equal weighting of the sales factor, the labour factor, and the asset factor in the formula; application of ‘destination-based’ rule for attributing the sales factor; and replacing the traditional permanent establishment nexus with a ‘factor presence nexus’. The presentation incorporates extensive comparison between the EU’s formulary apportionment tax reform option and FA systems existing in the United States (US) at state level, including reference to relevant US case law and legislation. As a possible option to address the problem of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), formulary apportionment is gaining increasing acceptance and attention. This book will prove invaluable to taxation authorities, tax practitioners, and scholars in its deeply informed and systematic guidance on good practices and prevention of problematic experiences in establishing and implementing an effective and market-neutral FA system.
CCCTB
CCCTB - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook CCCTB write by Dennis Weber. This book was released on 2012-05-10. CCCTB available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The European Commission’s proposed Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) is the most ambitious project in the history of direct taxation within the EU. While retaining the right of Member States to set their own corporate tax rate, the proposed system allows for a ‘one-stop shop’ for filing tax returns and consolidating prof its and losses across the EU. In this book – the first to offer guidance to practitioners whose work will be affected by these new developments – 19 prominent representatives of the business community, tax consultancy, academic taxation scholarship and tax administration discuss the proposed system’s rationale, structure and uncertainties, ranging from very technical aspects, to the wording of the proposal, to political considerations. These topics include the following: eligibility; formation of a group; the concept of ‘permanent establishment’; foreign tax credits; ‘dual resident’ companies; consequences of entering and leaving; depreciation of fixed assets; repackaged asset transfers; appeals procedure; disagreements among Member States; subsidiarity and the ‘yellow card procedure’; international aspects and tax treaties; sharing mechanism and transfer pricing; and anti-abuse rules. The discussion raises numerous issues likely to lead to future amendments, and for this reason, along with its practical value in developing an understanding of the proposed system’s specific effects, the book will be welcomed by tax consultants and lawyers worldwide, corporate tax advisers, European tax authorities and tax researchers and academics.
