Freshwater methane and carbon dioxide fluxes - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Freshwater methane and carbon dioxide fluxes write by Sivakiruthika Natchimuthu. This book was released on 2016-09-05. Freshwater methane and carbon dioxide fluxes available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Freshwater bodies such as lakes and streams release the greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Global freshwater CH4 and CO2 emissions have been estimated to be of a similar magnitude to the global land or ocean carbon sink, and are thus significant components of global carbon budgets. However, the data supporting global estimates frequently lacks information regarding spatial and temporal variability and are thus highly inaccurate. In this thesis, detailed studies of the spatio-temporal variability of CH4 and CO2 fluxes were conducted in the open water areas of lakes and streams within a whole catchment in Sweden. One aim was also to evaluate the importance of spatio-temporal variability in lake and stream fluxes when making whole catchment aquatic or large scale assessments. Apart from the expected large spatio-temporal variability in lake fluxes, interactions between spatial and temporal variability in CH4 fluxes were found. Shallow lakes and shallow areas of lakes were observed to emit more CH4 as compared to their deeper counterparts. This spatial variability interacted with the temporal variability driven by an exponential temperature response of the fluxes, which meant that shallow waters were more sensitive to warming than deeper ones. Such interactions may be important for climate feedbacks. Surface water CO2 in lakes showed significant spatio-temporal variability and, when considering variability in both space and time, CO2 fluxes were largely controlled by concentrations, rather than gas transfer velocities. Stream fluxes were also highly variable in space and time and in particular, stream CH4 fluxes were surprisingly large and more variable than CO2 fluxes. Fluxes were large from stream areas with steep slopes and periods of high discharge which occupied a small fraction of the total stream area and the total measurement period, respectively, and a failure to account for these spatially distinct or episodic high fluxes could lead to underestimates. The total aquatic fluxes from the whole catchment were estimated by combining the measurements in open waters of lakes and streams. Using our data, recommendations on improved study designs for representative measurements in lakes and streams were provided for future studies. Thus, this thesis presents findings relating to flux regulation in lakes and streams, and urges forthcoming studies to better consider spatio-temporal variability so as to achieve unbiased large-scale estimates.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Fluxes and Processes
Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Fluxes and Processes - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Fluxes and Processes write by A. Tremblay. This book was released on 2011-04-30. Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Fluxes and Processes available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In a time when an unquestionable link between anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and climatic changes has finally been acknowledged and * widely documented through IPCC reports, the need for precise estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates and emissions from natural as well as managed ecosystems has risen to a critical level. Future agreements between nations concerning the reduction of their GHG emissions will - pend upon precise estimates of the present level of these emissions in both natural and managed terrestrial and aquatic environments. From this viewpoint, the present volume should prove to a benchmark contribution because it provides very carefully assessed values for GHG emissions or exchanges between critical climatic zones in aquatic en- ronments and the atmosphere. It also provides unique information on the biases of different measurement methods that may account for some of the contradictory results that have been published recently in the literature on this subject. Not only has a large array of current measurement methods been tested concurrently here, but a few new approaches have also been developed, notably laser measurements of atmospheric CO concentration 2 gradients. Another highly useful feature of this book is the addition of - nitoring and process studies as well as modeling.
Energy, Water, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth’s Surface
Energy, Water, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth’s Surface - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Energy, Water, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth’s Surface write by Meghan F. Cronin. This book was released on 2022-10-03. Energy, Water, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth’s Surface available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Methane and Carbon Dioxide Flux from Ponds and Lakes of the Hudson Bay Lowlands
Methane and Carbon Dioxide Flux from Ponds and Lakes of the Hudson Bay Lowlands - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Methane and Carbon Dioxide Flux from Ponds and Lakes of the Hudson Bay Lowlands write by James David Hamilton. This book was released on 1992. Methane and Carbon Dioxide Flux from Ponds and Lakes of the Hudson Bay Lowlands available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes ponds and lakes in the Hudson Bay Lowland to the atmosphere from were measured from June to October 1990. The study area was located near the town of Moosonee, Ontario (51o 29' N; 80o 27' W). The study area was divided into four different sites; the Coastal Marsh, Coastal Fen, Interior Fen and the Kinosheo Lake Bog. The Kinosheo Lake bog was the furthest inland (114 km inland from the Coastal Marsh). In early July, the average daily rate of methane flux from the ponds in the Kinosheo Lake area was 20 mg CH4/m2/day, increasing to 50 mg CH4/m2/day by the end of the month. The average daily flux of carbon dioxide was 900 mg CO2/m2/day. The Coastal Fen and Interior Fen Ponds exhibited much higher fluxes of both CH4 (averaging 160 mg CH4/m2/day) and CO2 (averaging 9000 mg CO2/m2/day) than were measured at the Kinosheo Lake Bog. At all the sites the flux of CH4 and CO2 were highest in September. Differences between ponds were much greater than the differences on different dates, i.e., ponds with higher rates tended to remain higher and vice versa. All 24 ponds and lakes sampled had concentrations of CH4 and CO2 which were consistently above atmospheric equilibrium and thus were sites of net carbon loss from the Hudson Bay Lowland. Computer modelling suggests that CH4 concentration is controlled by the cfombination of wind driven gas exchange and CH4 oxidation. Carbon dioxide concentrations appear to be controlled by the combined effects of wind driven gas exchange and algal photosynthesis/respiration.
Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management
Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management write by Ken W. Krauss. This book was released on 2021-11-23. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
