Geoeconomic Fragmentation: What’s at Stake for the EU - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Geoeconomic Fragmentation: What’s at Stake for the EU write by Chikako Baba. This book was released on 2023-11-30. Geoeconomic Fragmentation: What’s at Stake for the EU available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF) is becoming entrenched worldwide, and the European Union (EU) is not immune to its effects. This paper takes stock of GEF policies impinging on—and adopted by—the EU and considers how exposed the EU is through trade, financial and technological channels. Motivated by current policies adopted by other countries, the paper then simulates how various measures—raising costs of trade and technology transfer and fossil fuel prices, and imposition of sectoral subsidies—would affect the EU economy. Due to its high-degree of openness, the EU is found to be exposed to GEF through multiple channels, with simulated losses that differ significantly across scenarios. From a welfare perspective, this suggests the need for a cautious approach to GEF policies. The EU’s best defence against GEF is to strengthen the Single Market while advocating for a multilateral rules-based trading system.
Italy
Italy - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Italy write by International Monetary Fund. European Dept.. This book was released on 2024-07-23. Italy available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Activity expanded by nearly 1 percent in 2023, with GDP surpassing its pre-pandemic level by 41⁄2 percent. Headline inflation fell on the drop in energy prices, with core inflation also moderating. Employment rose alongside real activity. Financial conditions have eased somewhat but remain tight. Despite fiscal deficits much larger than pre-COVID, the public debt ratio declined on deferred recording of tax credits and strong nominal GDP growth. Sovereign debt risks are moderate overall, but high at the medium- and long-horizons. Low fertility and low female labor force participation foreshadow faster population and work force declines amid weak productivity growth.
Bulgaria in Global Value Chains: Leveraging Integration with the EU
Bulgaria in Global Value Chains: Leveraging Integration with the EU - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Bulgaria in Global Value Chains: Leveraging Integration with the EU write by Giacomo Magistretti. This book was released on 2024-06-24. Bulgaria in Global Value Chains: Leveraging Integration with the EU available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. As a small open economy, Bulgaria benefits from economic exchanges with global partners. However, after a boost before the Global Financial Crisis and EU accession, its integration in global value chains has been growing only modestly in recent years and it remains particularly low when it comes to links with EU partners. To capitalize from the integration with the EU Single Market and exploit the opportunities that will come from joining the euro zone and the Schengen area, Bulgaria should focus on enhancing its non-cost competitiveness by improving its governance and investing in infrastructure and human capital.
Sweden
Sweden - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Sweden write by International Monetary Fund. European Dept.. This book was released on 2024-03-11. Sweden available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Sweden: Selected Issues
Austria
Austria - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Austria write by International Monetary Fund. European Dept.. This book was released on 2024-05-13. Austria available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Strong policy responses have helped to mitigate the impact of the recent shocks. Output recovered rapidly from the pandemic and, in response to the energy price shock, the authorities made use of available fiscal room to mitigate its impact while preserving price signals to encourage lower gas consumption and taking steps to secure access to additional gas supplies. Despite these efforts, the economy slipped into recession over the last few quarters, with high energy prices, elevated inflation, and higher interest rates weighing on output and demand. Inflation still persists above the euro-area average even as it has steadily declined since January 2023, in particular as services inflation has proved to be sticky amid high wage growth. Over the medium term, demographic headwinds pose significant fiscal and growth challenges.
