Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management write by Baozhong Meng. This book was released on 2017-07-05. Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.
Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Viruses
Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Viruses - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Viruses write by Bhanu Priya Donda. This book was released on 2016. Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Viruses available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Studies were conducted on molecular biology and epidemiology of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses infecting wine grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars in Washington State. In the first objective, the complete genome sequence of two isolates of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1, genus: Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae ) was determined to be 18,731 and 18,946 nucleotides. The genome of GLRaV-1 isolates contain nine open reading frames with long 5' and 3' non-translated regions (NTRs). The sequence differences in the 5'NTR was used to develop a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for distinguishing GLRaV-1 variants in vineyards. Northern blot hybridization revealed the presence of three of the eight putative 3' co-terminal subgenomic (sg) RNAs at higher levels in virus infected grapevine samples. The 5' termini of five sgRNAs were mapped and their leader sequences determined. The results provided a foundation to further elucidate the comparative molecular biology of grapevine-infecting members of the family Closteroviridae..
Genetic Diversity and Molecular Biology of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Viruses
Genetic Diversity and Molecular Biology of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Viruses - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Genetic Diversity and Molecular Biology of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Viruses write by Sridhar Jarugula. This book was released on 2010. Genetic Diversity and Molecular Biology of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Viruses available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Studies on Cost Analysis of Viral Diagnostics and Red Leaf Symptoms in Grapevines
Studies on Cost Analysis of Viral Diagnostics and Red Leaf Symptoms in Grapevines - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Studies on Cost Analysis of Viral Diagnostics and Red Leaf Symptoms in Grapevines write by Kaitlin McKenzie Hadaway. This book was released on 2019. Studies on Cost Analysis of Viral Diagnostics and Red Leaf Symptoms in Grapevines available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are extensively cultivated worldwide for the production of wine grapes, table grapes and raisins. Consequently, vinifera grapevines are exposed to a myriad of biotic and abiotic constraints affecting vine health and reducing fruit yield and quality. Among the biotic constraints, viruses such as Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) are considered economically important and affecting sustainability of vineyards in Washington State. Unlike white-fruited wine grape cultivars, red-fruited cultivars display leaf reddening or red leaves as a general response to not only infections with GLRaV-3 and GRBV, but also to certain biotic and abiotic stress factors. Although diagnostic assays are available to differentiate red leaf symptoms due to viral infections from those induced by abiotic and biotic stress factors, large-scale testing of grapevines is becoming costly and unsustainable for growers to utilize diagnostic methods in disease management strategies. As testing vines is a crucial component to manage viral diseases in vineyards, a project was initiated to estimate the costs associated with testing for GLRaV-3 and GRBV by molecular diagnostic methods under non-commercial settings. The results presented in this study showed that employing a simplified sample preparation protocol in combination with molecular diagnostics assays can reduce the cost burden of virus testing benefiting growers and other end users. In a second project, studies were conducted to compare biochemical components of red leaves in certain red-fruited cultivars produced due to viral infections, mite herbivory, and mechanical damage to shoots. These leaf samples together with controls were analyzed for pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins) and carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) using appropriate analytical methods. The results indicated overall reduction in chlorophyll and carotenoids and accumulation of anthocyanins and carbohydrates in leaves showing red leaf symptoms induced by biotic and abiotic stressors compared to green leaves from healthy vines. The data obtained in this study laid a foundation for future studies to better understand underlying causes and consequences of red leaf symptoms produced by distinct stress factors.
A Century of Plant Virology in India
A Century of Plant Virology in India - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook A Century of Plant Virology in India write by Bikash Mandal. This book was released on 2017-11-28. A Century of Plant Virology in India available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The book is a compilation of research work carried out on plant viruses during past 100 years in India. Plant viruses are important constraints in Indian agriculture. Tropical and sub-tropical environments and intensive crop cultivation practices ideally favours perpetuation of numerous plant viruses and their vectors in India, which often cause wide spread crop losses. Of all the plant pathogens, studies of plant viruses have received a special attention as they are difficult to manage. A large body of literature has been published on the plant virus research from India during past 100 years; however the information is so far not available in one place. This book provides comprehensive information on the biology, molecular biology, epidemics, crop losses, diagnosis and management of viruses and viroids occurring in India. Description of properties of the viruses are provided in the chapters comprising of different genera such as Allexivirus, Begomovirus, Babuvirus, Badnavirus, Carlavirus, Carmovirus, Cucumovirus, Closterovirus, Ilavirus, Mandrivirus, Potyvirus, Tospovirus, Tungrovirus and Sobemovirus. Virus-vector research related to aphid, thrips and whitefly is discussed. The work on the management aspects of plant viral diseases has been described with reference to the conventional, antiviral and transgenic approaches. Further, the quarantine mechanism developed in India for the exclusion of viruses and vectors has also been included. The book also provides useful information about the capacity building on the research and education on Plant Virology in India. Overall, the book covers a wide range of accounts of research findings and innovations in Plant Virology in India during past 100 years. The book will be a resourceful reference to the students, scientists, agricultural professionals and policy makers.
