Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants

Download Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 1953
Genre :
Kind :
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants write by Atlas Powder Company. This book was released on 1953. Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.

A Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants

Download A Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 1953
Genre : Chemicals
Kind :
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

A Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook A Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants write by Atlas Powder Company. Industrial Chemicals Department. This book was released on 1953. A Guide to Formulation of Industrial Emulsions with Atlas Surfactants available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.

The Complete Book on Emulsifiers with Uses, Formulae and Processes (2nd Revised Edition)

Download The Complete Book on Emulsifiers with Uses, Formulae and Processes (2nd Revised Edition) PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2014-01-01
Genre : Emulsions
Kind :
Book Rating : 531/5 ( reviews)

The Complete Book on Emulsifiers with Uses, Formulae and Processes (2nd Revised Edition) - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Complete Book on Emulsifiers with Uses, Formulae and Processes (2nd Revised Edition) write by NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers. This book was released on 2014-01-01. The Complete Book on Emulsifiers with Uses, Formulae and Processes (2nd Revised Edition) available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Emulsifier is an organic compound that encompasses in the same molecule two dissimilar structural groups e.g. water soluble and a water insoluble moiety. It is the ingredient which binds the water and oil in a cream or lotion together permanently. The composition, solubility properties, location and relative sizes of these dissimilar groups in relation to the overall molecular configuration determine the surface activity of a compound. Emulsifiers are classified on the basis of their hydrophilic or solubilizing groups in to four categories anionic, non ionic, cationics and amphoterics. Emulsifier is utilized in various industries; agriculture, building and construction, elastomers & plastics, food & beverages, industrial cleaning, leather, metals, paper, textiles paints & protective coatings etc. An emulsion is an ideal formulation for the administration. The emulsion form allows uniform application of a small amount of active ingredient on the surface of the skin. Some of the important emulsions in different field are pharmaceutical emulsions, rosin & rubber emulsion, textile emulsions, pesticide emulsions, food emulsions, emulsion in paint industry, emulsion in polish industry, leather & paper treatment emulsions etc. Various cosmetics creams, such as moisturizers, contain emulsifiers. Lighter, less greasy feeling creams are oil in water emulsions; heavier creams used to treat rough skin are water in oil emulsions, with oil as the main ingredient. Liquid soaps, toothpastes and other body care products also contain emulsifiers. Emulsifiers have the ability to optimize the concentration of certain nutrients in an emulsion. For example, in hair conditioners, some conditioning agents can damage hair if not properly diluted in the solution. Emulsifiers are among the most frequently used types of food additives. Emulsifiers can help to make a food appealing. Emulsifiers have a big effect on the structure and texture of many foods. Increasing demand for low fat food among health conscious consumers is gradually driving the market for emulsifiers. Besides stabilizing emulsions, emulsifiers derived from non hydrogenated fats help in maintaining sensory characteristics of food such as texture, flavor, and taste that are often lost due to fat reduction. This characteristic of making healthier products similar in taste to fat containing versions has enabled emulsifiers in gaining widespread acceptance in the market. The global food industry is also witnessing increase in demand for multipurpose emulsifiers that perform functions of both stabilization and emulsification. Some of the fundamentals of the book are characteristics and application of emulsifiers, wetting and detergent structures in emulsifier, effect of surfactant on the properties of solutions, wetting characteristics of emulsifiers, formulated emulsifiers, non surfactant functional additives, inert fillers, functional surfactant additives, uses of emulsifiers, household and personal products, industrial uses of emulsifier, anionic surfactants, non ionic surfactants, cationic, amphoteric and enzyme, alkylolamides, vinylarene polymers, alkyl sulfates, ethoxylation processes, application of emulsifiers, etc. The present book contains manufacturing processes of various types of emulsifiers which have applications in different industries. This is a resourceful book for scientists, technologists, entrepreneurs and ingredients suppliers. TAGS applications of emulsifier, Book on emulsifier, emulsifier Based Small Scale Industries, emulsifier examples, emulsifier in food, Emulsifier Processing Industry in India, emulsifiers list, Emulsifiers with Uses, Formulae and Processes, Emulsion - Uses of Emulsions, Emulsion Surface Area, Emulsions in Polish Industry, Food Emulsifier Applications, Food Emulsifiers and Their Applications, formulation and stability of emulsions with polymeric emulsifiers, Formulation of emulsifiers, Formulation of Emulsion Paints manufacturing process, Formulation of Textile emulsions manufacturing process, function of emulsifier in cosmetics, function of emulsifier in food, how to manufacture emulsifiers, How to start an emulsifier Production Business, How to Start Emulsifier Processing Industry in India, Industrial Applications of Emulsion Technology, Industrial Uses of Emulsifier, Leather and Paper Treatment Emulsions manufacturing process, Manufacturing process of emulsifier, Most Profitable emulsifier Processing Business Ideas, Nature and use of emulsifiers in foods, new small scale ideas in emulsifier processing industry, pharmaceutical application of emulsion, Procedure for Emulsification of Oil in Water Using Surfactants, Process of Polish Emulsions, Process technology book on emulsifier, role of emulsifier in emulsion, role of surfactant in emulsion, Starting an emulsifier Processing Business, types of food emulsifiers, Uses of emulsifiers, What is an Emulsifier?

Emulsions

Download Emulsions PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2016-03-21
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind :
Book Rating : 26X/5 ( reviews)

Emulsions - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Emulsions write by Tharwat F. Tadros. This book was released on 2016-03-21. Emulsions available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Chapter 1 General Introduction Definition of emulsions and the role of the emulsifier. Classification based on the nature of the emulsifier. Classification based on the structure of the system. General instability problems with emulsions : creaming/sedimentation, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, coalescence and phase inversion. Importance of emulsions in various industrial applications. Chapter 2 Thermodynamics of Emulsion Formation and Breakdown Application of the second law of thermodynamics for emulsion formation : Balance of energy and entropy and non-spontaneous formation of emulsions. Breakdown of the emulsion by flocculation and coalescence in the absence of an emulsifier. Role of the emulsifier in preventing flocculation and coalescence by creating an energy barrier resulting from the repulsive energies between the droplets. Chapter 3 Interaction Forces between Emulsion Droplets Van der Waals attraction and its dependence on droplet size, Hamaker constant and separation distance between the droplets. Electrostatic repulsion resulting from the presence of electrical double layers and its dependence on surface (or zeta) potential and electrolyte concentration and valency. Combination of the van der Waals attraction with double layer repulsion and the theory of colloid stability. Steric repulsion resulting from the presence of adsorbed non-ionic surfactants and polymers. Combination of van der Waals attraction with steric repulsion and the theory of steric stabilisation. Chapter 4 Adsorption of Surfactants at the Oil/Water Interface Thermodynamic analysis of surfactant adsorption and the Gibbs adsorption isotherm. Calculation of the amount of surfactant adsorption and area per surfactant molecule at the interface. Experimental techniques for measuring the interfacial tension. Chapter 5 Mechanism of Emulsification and the Role of the Emulsifier Description of the factors responsible for droplet deformation and its break-up. Role of surfactant in preventing coalescence during emulsification. Definition of the Gibbs dilational elasticity and the Marangoni effect in preventing coalescence. Chapter 6 Methods of Emulsification Pipe flow, static mixers and high speed stirrers (rotor-stator mixer). Laminar and turbulent flow. Membrane emulsification. High pressure homogenisers and ultrasonic methods. Chapter 7 Selection of Emulsifiers The hydrophilic-lipophilic-balance (HLB) and its application in surfactant selection. Calculation of HLB numbers and the effect of the nature of the oil phase. The phase inversion temperature (PIT) method for emulsifier selection. The cohesive energy ratio method for emulsifier selection. Chapter 8 Creaming/Sedimentation of Emulsions and its prevention Driving force for creaming/sedimentation: effect of gravity, droplet size and density difference between the oil and continuous phase. Calculation of the rate of creaming/sedimentation in dilute emulsions. Influence of increase of the volume fraction of the disperse phase on the rate of creaming/sedimentation. Reduction of creaming/sedimentation: Balance of the density of the two phases, reduction of droplet size and effect of addition of ''thickeners'. Chapter 9 Flocculation of Emulsions and its Prevention Factors affecting flocculation. Calculation of fast and slow flocculation rate. Definition of stability ratio and its dependence on electrolyte concentration and valency. Definition of the critical coagulation concentration and its dependence on electrolyte valency. Reduction of flocculation by enhancing the repulsive forces. Chapter 10 Ostwald Ripening and its Reduction Factors responsible for Ostwald ripening : difference in solubility between small and large droplets and the Kelvin equation. Calculation of the rate of Ostwald ripening. Reduction of Ostwald ripening by incorporation of a small amount of highly insoluble oil. Reduction of Ostwald ripening by the use of strongly adsorbed polymeric surfactant and enhancement of the Gibbs elasticity. Chapter 11 Emulsion Coalescence and its Prevention Driving force for emulsion coalescence : Thinning and disruption of the liquid film between the droplets. The concept of disjoining pressure for prevention of coalescence. Methods for reduction or elimination of coalescence : Use of mixed surfactant films, use of lamellar liquid crystalline phases and use of polymeric surfactants. Chapter 12 Phase Inversion and its Prevention Distinction between catastrophic and transient phase inversion. Influence of the disperse volume fraction and surfactant HLB number. Explanation of the factors responsible for phase inversion. Chapter 13 Characterisation of Emulsions Measurement of droplet size distribution : Optical microscopy and image analysis. Phase contrast and polarising microscopyDiffraction methods. Confocal laser microscopy. Back scattering methods Chapter 14 Industrial Application of Emulsions 14.1 Application in Pharmacy 14.2 Application in Cosmetics 14.3 Application in Agrochemicals 14.4 Application in Paints 14.5 Application in the Oil Industry

Modern Pharmaceutics

Download Modern Pharmaceutics PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2002-05-24
Genre : Medical
Kind :
Book Rating : 691/5 ( reviews)

Modern Pharmaceutics - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Modern Pharmaceutics write by Gilbert S. Banker. This book was released on 2002-05-24. Modern Pharmaceutics available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "Completely revised and expanded throughout. Presents a comprehensive integrated, sequenced approach to drug dosage formulation, design, and evaluation. Indentifies the pharmacodynamic and physicochemical factors influencing drug action through various routes of administration."