Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry write by Carsten Reinhardt. This book was released on 2013-06-29. Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Heinrich Caro (1834-1910) was the inventor of new chemical processes that in the two decades commencing in 1869 enabled BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany, to take first place among manufacturers of synthetic dyestuffs. The cornerstones of Caro's success were his early training as calico (cotton) printer in Germany, and his employment at a chemical firm in Manchester, England. Caro was a creative research chemist, a highly knowledgeable patent specialist and expert witness, and a brilliant manager of science-based chemical technology. This first full-length scientific biography of Heinrich Caro delineates his role in the emergence of the industrial research laboratory, the forging of links between academic and industrial chemistry, and the development of modern patent law. Major chemical topics include the rise of classical organic chemistry, collaboration with Adolf Baeyer, artificial alizarin and indigo, aniline dyes, and other coal-tar products, particularly intermediates.
Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry
Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry write by Carsten Reinhardt. This book was released on 2014-01-15. Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850–1914
The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850–1914 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850–1914 write by Ernst Homburg. This book was released on 2013-03-14. The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850–1914 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Europe is the cradle of the modem international chemical industry. From the middle of the nineteenth century until the outbreak of World War I, the European chemical industry influenced not only the production and control of science and technology, but also made significant contributions towards economic development, as well as bringing about profound changes in working and living enviromnents. It is a highly complex heritage, both rich and threatening, that calls for close scrutinity. Fortunately, a unique opportunity to explore the historical development of the European chemical industry from a variety of novel standpoints, was made possible during 1993 as part of the European Science Foundation (ESF) programme called 'The Evolution of Chemistry in Europe, 1789-1939.' This process of exploration has taken place through three workshops, each dealing with different time periods. The workshop concerned with the period 1850-1914, which corresponds roughly to the so-called Second Industrial Revolution, was held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, on 23-25 March 1995. This volume is the outcome of that workshop. The other workshops dealing with European chemical industry were held in Liege in 1994, covering the First Industrial Revolution period, 1789-1850, and Strasbourg in 1996, covering the period between the two World Wars.
From Classical to Modern Chemistry
From Classical to Modern Chemistry - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook From Classical to Modern Chemistry write by Peter J. T. Morris. This book was released on 2002. From Classical to Modern Chemistry available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Most chemists today have either taken part in, or been affected by, the chemical revolution that has taken place over the course of the last century. Developments in instrumentation have changed not just what chemists do, but also how they think about chemistry. New and exciting areas of previously inaccessible research have been opened up as a direct result of this revolution. This is the first book to examine this instrumental revolution and goes on to assess the impact on chemical practice in areas ranging from organic chemistry and biochemistry to environmental analysis and process control, thus demonstrating how fundamental and extensive are the changes that have occurred. With contributions from internationally recognised specialists, this lavishly illustrated book provides a focal point for any historian of chemistry or chemist with an interest in this fascinating topic. This book is published in association with the Science Museum, London, UK and the Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia.
Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences
Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences write by U. Klein. This book was released on 2013-04-17. Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. constitutive of reference in laboratory sciences as cultural sign systems and their manipulation and superposition, collectively shared classifications and associated conceptual frameworks,· and various fonns of collective action and social institutions. This raises the question of how much modes of representation, and specific types of sign systems mobilized to construct them, contribute to reference. Semioticians have argued that sign systems are not merely passive media for expressing preconceived ideas but actively contribute to meaning. Sign systems are culturally loaded with meaning stemming from previous practical applications and social traditions of applications. In new local contexts of application they not only transfer stabilized meaning but also can be used as active resources to add new significance and modify previous meaning. This view is supported by several analyses presented in this volume. Sign systems can be implemented like tools that are manipulated and superposed with other types of signs to forge new representations. The mode of representation, made possible by applying and manipulating specific types of representational tools, such as diagrammatic rather than mathematical representations, or Berzelian fonnulas rather than verbal language, contributes to meaning and forges fine-grained differentiations between scientists' concepts. Taken together, the essays contained in this volume give us a multifaceted picture of the broad variety of modes of representation in nineteenth-century and twentieth-century laboratory sciences, of the way scientists juxtaposed and integrated various representations, and of their pragmatic use as tools in scientific and industrial practice.
