Human Rights and the Rise of International Organisations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Human Rights and the Rise of International Organisations write by Olivier De Schutter. This book was released on 2014. Human Rights and the Rise of International Organisations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This paper proposes a new approach to the law of international responsibility, as it applies to activities of international organisations and their member states. Part I addresses the question of whether international organizations are bound, under international law, to respect human rights. It shows that, while it would be possible to build a theory deriving the obligations of the international organization from the preexisting obligations of its member States, particularly those imposed under the human rights treaties to which these States are parties, this line of reasoning fails on practical grounds, as it would result in too important obstacles being imposed on international co-operation. In contrast, grounding the human rights obligations of international organizations on general public international law, independently of any commitments of their member States under human rights treaties, appears both feasible and compatible with the requirements of international co-operation. Part II then explores the international responsibility of the member States of an international organization, where measures adopted by the latter result in a violation of human rights. In order to evaluate the emerging regime of State responsibility for the acts of international organizations of which it is a member, it considers the three moments which characterize such membership: it distinguishes (1) the initial attribution of competences to the international organization ; (2) the participation in the decision-making procedures within the organization ; and (3) the implementation, by its member States, of any acts adopted within the international organization. It puts forward the thesis that, while the international law of State responsibility has offered answers concerning whether a responsibility may exist at each of these moments, it has failed to consider their interrelationship. This segmented approach to State responsibility constitutes the main source of its insufficiencies. In its place, a 'sliding scales' theory of State responsibility is presented. According to this logic, the role of the State at any of the three junctures distinguished above should be evaluated by taking into account its role at the other junctures : in particular, the more a State retains influence on the decision-making process within the international organization, or the more it may obstruct implementation of the decisions of the organization, the easier it will be to justify the delegation of extensive powers to the international organization, even in circumstances where such a transfer of powers could result in the adoption by the international organization of measures which infringe upon human rights. Part III then examines the mechanisms which would allow to hold international organizations accountable for any violations of human rights which they commit, or which they contribute to. Three such mechanisms are discussed in turn : self-regulation, accession of the international organization to treaty-based international regimes, and judicial control exercised by national courts. The respective strengths and weaknesses of each of these mechanisms are highlighted. On the basis of this review, the logic of sliding scales for the evaluation of State responsibility is expanded further to include the emergence of those mechanisms. It is argued that the standards used for evaluating the responsibility of the member States of international organizations for the acts of the latter should take into account whether or not accountability mechanisms have been set up ensuring that the organization will comply with any human rights standards equivalent to those imposed on the member States. This results in a reverse principle of proportionality : the more the international organization is subject to monitoring mechanisms, whether internal or external, the more it would be acceptable for States to transfer large competences to the organization and to renounce controlling the organization from within or blocking the implementation of any decisions adopted within the organization.
Responsibility of International Organizations
Responsibility of International Organizations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Responsibility of International Organizations write by Maurizio Ragazzi. This book was released on 2013-07-04. Responsibility of International Organizations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In December 2011, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Law Commission's articles on the responsibility of international organizations, bringing to conclusion not only nearly ten years of reflection by the Commission, governments and organizations on this specific topic, but also decades of study of the wider subject of international responsibility, which had initially focused on State responsibility. Parallel to this reflection by the Commission, diplomats and public officials, the body of international case-law and literature on the many facets of the topic has steadily been growing. Responsibility of International Organizations: Essays in Memory of Sir Ian Brownlie contributes to the body of international literature by collecting a broad spectrum of different and sometimes differing perspectives from well-known experts in the field, ranging from the bench to the Commission, academia, and the world of in-house counsel. The book is also a memorial to the renowned Sir Ian Brownlie, himself a former Chairman of the International Law Commission who, as a leading scholar and practitioner, greatly contributed to the reflection on international responsibility, including the responsibility of international organizations. Edited by Maurizio Ragazzi, a former pupil of Sir Ian, the book is an ideal companion to International Responsibility Today, a collection of essays on international responsibility which the same editor presented in 2005 in memory of Oscar Schachter, and to which Sir Ian Brownlie had contributed. The essays collected in Responsibility of International Organizations: Essays in Memory of Sir Ian Brownlie, conveniently grouped by the editor under broad areas for the reader's benefit, will be relevant not only to all those interested in this specific subject but also, more generally, to all those engaged in the field of international law and the law of international organizations.
Accountability for Human Rights Violations by International Organisations
Accountability for Human Rights Violations by International Organisations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Accountability for Human Rights Violations by International Organisations write by Eva Brems. This book was released on 2010. Accountability for Human Rights Violations by International Organisations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. With the proliferation of international organizations and their ever increasing role in a wide range of policy fields, situations multiply in which human rights are threatened or violated through the actions, operations, or policies of such organizations. This book is the first to explore these problems in a comprehensive manner and to examine the accountability mechanisms that are available. In the first section, the contributions study general concepts, such as the accountability of international organizations as an evolving legal concept, international organizations as independent actors, the logic of sliding scales in the law of international responsibility, and the relations between the international organizations and their Member States in regard to their respective obligations and responsibilities. Subsequent parts of the book focus on the accountability for human rights violations attributable to international organizations in four areas: peace and humanitarian operations, international civil administration, economic governance, and the staff of international organizations.
The Rise of the International Organisation
The Rise of the International Organisation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Rise of the International Organisation write by James David Armstrong. This book was released on 1982. The Rise of the International Organisation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
A Handbook of International Organisations
A Handbook of International Organisations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook A Handbook of International Organisations write by Sonu Trivedi. This book was released on 2005. A Handbook of International Organisations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. International Organisations Have Affected All Of Us In Our Daily Lives, No Matter We Realize It Or Not. Hence, Every Enlightened Citizen Of His Own Country And Of The World Ought To Have Knowledge Of Their Role, Functioning, System, And Above All Their Relevance In The Modern World. The Loss Of Several Million Lives In The First World War Showed The Necessity For An International Organisation So As To Establish Peace In The Entire World. With This Aim The League Of Nations Later Succeeded By The United Nations Was Formed.Over The Past Few Years There Has Been A Significant Increase In The Efforts Of Developing Countries To Achieve Regional Economic Integration. In Various Parts Of The Developing World, Existing Regional Arrangements Have Been Revitalised Or Expanded And New Groupings Formed. This Book Is Not Intended As A General History Of International Organisations Because Such Histories Are Available In Much Greater Details Than That Could Be Attempted Here. It Is Rather A Description And A Brief Overview Of The United Nations System And Other Major International And Regional Organisations Of The World Like The Amnesty International, G-77, The International Criminal Court, Apec, Oecd, Opec, Nam, Nafta, The Commonwealth, Wco, Iom, Eu, Asean, Saarc, Interpol, Etc.This Book Would Be Found Most Useful By The Scholars Of Political Science, Public Administration, International Relations And Others. It Would Also Appeal To The General Readers Keen To Know About The Recent Global Developments And Strategies Adopted By The Various International Organisations Across The World.
