Impacts of Climate Change on the Phenology of Temperate Forest Plants and Birds in Massachusetts and Japan - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Impacts of Climate Change on the Phenology of Temperate Forest Plants and Birds in Massachusetts and Japan write by Abraham J. Miller-Rushing. This book was released on 2007. Impacts of Climate Change on the Phenology of Temperate Forest Plants and Birds in Massachusetts and Japan available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The timing of phenological events such as flowering and bird migrations is highly sensitive to changes in climate. Phenology affects many physiological, community, and ecosystem processes, but availability of long-term data is limited. I examined historical records of plant phenology in Massachusetts and Japan, beginning with observations made in the 1850s by Henry David Thoreau in Concord, Massachusetts. By combining these records with my own observations and experiments, I found that flowering in Massachusetts shifted forward by approximately one day each decade over the past century because of warming temperatures. Importantly, these changes varied among species; some changed more, some less, and others did not change. Plants flowering early in the spring responded more to warming temperatures than did summer flowering plants. Records from Mt. Takao, Japan showed that early flowering cherry species and individual trees were the most responsive to warming temperatures. Experimental evidence showed that structural and physiological traits, such as xylem vessel diameter and inflorescence water content, might explain why some closely related species responded differently to climate change. Novel data sources such as photographs and herbarium specimens from Concord and the Arnold Arboretum showed changes in flowering times that were indistinguishable from changes indicated by conventional scientific observations.
Land of Plants in Motion
Land of Plants in Motion - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Land of Plants in Motion write by Thomas R. H. Havens. This book was released on 2020-06-30. Land of Plants in Motion available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Land of Plants in Motion is the first in any language to examine two companion stories: (1) the rise of an East Asian floristic zone and how the Japanese islands evolved an astonishing wealth of plant species, and (2) the growth of Japanese botanical sciences. The majority of plant species regarded as “Japanese” trace their origins to western China and the eastern Himalaya but are so indigenized that they often seem native today. Early modern scientists in Japan drew on knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine but achieved distinctive insights into plant life commensurate with but separate from their European counterparts. Scholars at the University of Tokyo pioneered Japanese plant biology in the late nineteenth century. They incorporated Western botanical methods but sought a degree of difference in taxonomy while also gaining international legitimacy through publications in English. Japan’s age of empire (1895–1945) was less about plant exploration and more about plant collection, for both scientific and economic benefits. Displays of species from throughout the empire made Japan’s sphere of colonization and conquest visible at home. The infrastructure for research and instruction expanded slowly after World War Two: new laboratories, botanical gardens, scholarly societies, and publications eventually allowed for great diversity of specialized study, especially with the growth of molecular biology in the 1970s and DNA research in the 1980s. Basic research was harmed by cuts in government funding during 2012–2017, but Japanese plant biologists continue to enjoy international esteem in many fields of scholarship.
Phenology and Climate Change
Phenology and Climate Change - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Phenology and Climate Change write by Xiaoyang Zhang. This book was released on 2012-03-21. Phenology and Climate Change available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Phenology, a study of animal and plant life cycle, is one of the most obvious and direct phenomena on our planet. The timing of phenological events provides vital information for climate change investigation, natural resource management, carbon sequence analysis, and crop and forest growth monitoring. This book summarizes recent progresses in the understanding of seasonal variation in animals and plants and its correlations to climate variables. With the contributions of phenological scientists worldwide, this book is subdivided into sixteen chapters and sorted in four parts: animal life cycle, plant seasonality, phenology in fruit plants, and remote sensing phenology. The chapters of this book offer a broad overview of phenology observations and climate impacts. Hopefully this book will stimulate further developments in relation to phenology monitoring, modeling and predicting.
The Effects of Climate Change on the Phenology of Plants and Insects of Massachusetts
The Effects of Climate Change on the Phenology of Plants and Insects of Massachusetts - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Effects of Climate Change on the Phenology of Plants and Insects of Massachusetts write by Caroline A. Polgar. This book was released on 2013. The Effects of Climate Change on the Phenology of Plants and Insects of Massachusetts available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Abstract: Phenology, the timing of biological events, is a common metric used to measure the effect of climate change on ecosystems. Leaf out timing is a particularly important indicator because it is highly sensitive to temperature, represents a critical transition point of annual seasonality, and is an important driver of ecosystem processes. The mechanisms behind this have recently gained attention, and I wrote a literature review on the topic that surveyed what is known and identified topics that require further investigation (Chapter 1). In the next chapter, I focused on specific aspects of leaf out phenology using observation and experimentation. To examine the effects of climate change on leafing, I utilized historical records (1852-1860) and made observations (2009-2012) of leaf out in Concord, Massachusetts (Chapter 2). Leafing is now an average of 19 days earlier than in the past. Recently published studies suggest that the continued advance of leaf out is uncertain; with continued warming, unmet chilling requirements may lead to delays in leafing. To address this, I experimentally investigated chilling requirements of local species (Chapter 2). I compared the sensitivity of leaf out to spring temperature as measured by field observations, remotely sensed data, and experimental warming to determine differences resulting from these methods (Chapter 3). Earlier leaf out with warmer temperatures was found with all methods; however, leafing was more than twice as sensitive to temperature in the field study as under experimental warming, with remote sensing intermediate.To better understand the effects of climate change on ecosystems, we must obtain reliable information about multiple trophic levels. I examined the effects of temperature on the flight dates of ten species of Massachusetts butterflies (1895-2009) using both museum specimen records and citizen science data: the response of these species is similar to that of flowering and bee flight times and significantly greater than changes in bird arrival (Chapter 4). As long as investigators are aware of the limitations of each data source, historical data, remote sensing, experiments, and citizen science data are all effective tools for studying the effect of climate change on phenology.
Review of the Literature on the Links Between Biodiversity and Climate Change
Review of the Literature on the Links Between Biodiversity and Climate Change - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Review of the Literature on the Links Between Biodiversity and Climate Change write by . This book was released on 2009. Review of the Literature on the Links Between Biodiversity and Climate Change available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The designations employed and the presentation of ISBN: 92-9225-136-8 material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of Copyright © 2009, Secretariat of the Convention on the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the Biological Diversity legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerni [...] Ahmed Djoghlaf Where species and ecosystems are well protected and Executive Secretary healthy, natural adaptation may take place, as long as the Convention on Biological Diversity 5 Review of literature PREFACE These three literature reviews on the 'Links between evidence of the importance of natural ecosystems in the Biodiversity and Climate change: Impacts,Adaptation carbon cycle and in mitigat [...] Finally the third section aims to highlight the developments in our understanding of the role The IPCC 4th Assessment Report (AR4; IPCC 2007) of biodiversity in climate change mitigation, and the impacts concluded that climate change will have significant impacts of mitigation policies on biodiversity. [...] Models of future be large and more complex in the tropics, where the effects climate change suggest that these distributional changes of rising temperatures and reduced precipitation are may lead to severe range contractions and the extinction of exacerbated by the effects of land-use change. [...] Each of these sources Because of the importance of these impacts and of climate and modelling approaches has advantages and change itself, there has been a great deal of recent disadvantages (Thuiller et al 2008).
