Indirect Rule in South Africa - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Indirect Rule in South Africa write by Jason Conard Myers. This book was released on 2008. Indirect Rule in South Africa available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A groundbreaking new study of the ways in which South African leaders struggle to legitimize themselves through the costuming of political power. Indirect rule -- the British colonial policy of employing indigenous tribal chiefs as political intermediaries -- has typically been understood by scholars as little more than an expedient solution to imperial personnel shortages.A reexamination of the history of indirect rule in South Africa reveals it to have been much more: an ideological strategy designed to win legitimacy for colonial officials. Indirect rule became the basic template from which segregation and apartheid emerged during the twentieth century and set the stage for a post-apartheid debate over African political identity and "traditional authority" that continues to shape South African politics today. This new study, based on firsthand field research and archival material only recently made available to scholars, unveils the inner workings of South African segregation. Drawing influence from a range of political theorists including Machiavelli, Marx, Weber, Althusser, and Zizek, Myers develops a groundbreaking understanding of the ways in which leaders struggle to legitimize themselves through the costuming of political power. J. C. Myers is Associate Professor of Political Science at California State University, Stanislaus.
Indirect Rule in South Africa: Tradition
Indirect Rule in South Africa: Tradition - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Indirect Rule in South Africa: Tradition write by J. C. Myers. This book was released on 2013. Indirect Rule in South Africa: Tradition available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Direct/Indirect Rule
Direct/Indirect Rule - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Direct/Indirect Rule write by Azaria J.c. Mbatha. This book was released on 2013-06-17. Direct/Indirect Rule available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Authors SynopsisThe 'Y' Character of the Colonial State & Violent ConflictViolent Conflict and The Zulu Struggle for Independence.A People Divided The oscillating struggle between state repression and the town uprising had reached a deadlock by the mid-1980s. The uprising remained a primarily town affair. Meanwhile, the global situation was changing fast, with glasnost coming to the Soviet Union and the cold war thawing. Against this background the South African government tried to recover a lost initiative through several impressive changes and reforms.The more the government rushed into restructuring 'Y' character of state (indirect rule), the worse the situation became regarding violence, and the country was in an uncontrollable situation. This started in the 1970s and became desperate. During 1970-1985, South Africa vacillated between reform and reaffirmation of the repressive regime known as 'Separate Development/apartheid'. As expected, reforms that integrated housing, jobs and reforms that legitimated the rights of black labour unions propelled protest by Black Africans against 'Apartheid', but so did reforms that excluded Black Africans from nationality increased.The first was the 1986 removal of influx control and the abolition of pass laws, by that overturning the legacy of forced removals. It was as if the government, by throwing open the town gates to country migrants, anticipated they would flock to townships and put out the fires of town rebellion. As a result they gathered. By 1993, according to most estimates, the shanty population surrounding many townships was at around seven million - nearly a fifth of the total population. Many were migrants from countryside areas. The second initiative came in 1990 with the release of political prisoners and the un-banning of exile-based organizations. The government had recognized a force, significant in the town uprising but not born of it, and needed to work out the terms of an alliance with it. That force was the African National Congress (ANC) in exile. Those terms were worked out over a four-year negotiation process, called the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA). The resulting constitutional consensus guaranteed the National Party substantial authorities in the state for at least five years after the non-racial elections of 1994. Many critiques of the transition have focused on this blemish, but the real import of this transition to non-racial rule may turn out to be the fact that it will liquidate racism in the state. With free movement between town and country, but with local African administration in charge of an ethnically governed countryside population, it will replicate one legacy of 'Repressive' in a non-racial form. If, that happens, this reform without social equalization will have been a typically African ending! Was it international sanctions or armed struggle that forced apartheid to change, or instead the movement of millions of people went into the cities that created social upheaval, strained community and state institutions? Declining Institutional Capacity: the movement of millions of people into the cities created social upheaval and strained community and state institutions since 1986 forced in changes. Structure of Colonial/state, 'Y' character of colonial state (Indirect Rule) For comparative purposes, I include other parts of South Africa, because violent conflict has occurred all over South Africa since apartheid was introduced.Methodological Considerations: If we also discuss the system of repressive or authoritarian state, what is really the method and theory of social equalization of colonial and 'repressive' states? Style/Genre/Characterization: Sociological conditions—the social organization of hostels, oppression, labour market, marginalisation and alienation; ethnicity and societal conflicts; ethnicity and conflict theories; culturalists — migrant culture & tradition, and what is migrant culture?
Citizen and Subject
Citizen and Subject - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Citizen and Subject write by Mahmood Mamdani. This book was released on 2018-04-24. Citizen and Subject available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In analyzing the obstacles to democratization in post- independence Africa, Mahmood Mamdani offers a bold, insightful account of colonialism's legacy--a bifurcated power that mediated racial domination through tribally organized local authorities, reproducing racial identity in citizens and ethnic identity in subjects. Many writers have understood colonial rule as either "direct" (French) or "indirect" (British), with a third variant--apartheid--as exceptional. This benign terminology, Mamdani shows, masks the fact that these were actually variants of a despotism. While direct rule denied rights to subjects on racial grounds, indirect rule incorporated them into a "customary" mode of rule, with state-appointed Native Authorities defining custom. By tapping authoritarian possibilities in culture, and by giving culture an authoritarian bent, indirect rule (decentralized despotism) set the pace for Africa; the French followed suit by changing from direct to indirect administration, while apartheid emerged relatively later. Apartheid, Mamdani shows, was actually the generic form of the colonial state in Africa. Through case studies of rural (Uganda) and urban (South Africa) resistance movements, we learn how these institutional features fragment resistance and how states tend to play off reform in one sector against repression in the other. The result is a groundbreaking reassessment of colonial rule in Africa and its enduring aftereffects. Reforming a power that institutionally enforces tension between town and country, and between ethnicities, is the key challenge for anyone interested in democratic reform in Africa.
Disrupting Africa
Disrupting Africa - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Disrupting Africa write by Olufunmilayo B. Arewa. This book was released on 2021-07-29. Disrupting Africa available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the digital era, many African countries sit at the crossroads of a potential future that will be shaped by digital-era technologies with existing laws and institutions constructed under conditions of colonial and post-colonial authoritarian rule. In Disrupting Africa, Olufunmilayo B. Arewa examines this intersection and shows how it encompasses existing and new zones of contestation based on ethnicity, religion, region, age, and other sources of division. Arewa highlights specific collisions between the old and the new, including in the 2020 #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, which involved young people engaging with varied digital era technologies who provoked a violent response from rulers threatened by the prospect of political change. In this groundbreaking work, Arewa demonstrates how lawmaking and legal processes during and after colonialism continue to frame contexts in which digital technologies are created, implemented, regulated, and used in Africa today.
