Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System write by James C. Bonner. This book was released on 2020-01-30. Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book covers the latest information related to understanding immune responses to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Many ENMs used in both the consumer and biomedical fields have been reported to elicit adverse immune responses ranging from innate immune responses such as complement activation to changes in adaptive immunity that influence pathogen responses and promote disease states such as asthma. Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System covers the most up to date information on our understanding of immune responses to ENMs across a wide range of topics including innate immunity, allergic immune responses, adaptive provides the reader with (1) up to date understanding of immune responses to ENMs; (2) current testing methods; and (3) appropriate models including alternative testing strategies for evaluating immunotoxicity of ENMs.
Interaction of Nanomaterials With the Immune System: Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicine
Interaction of Nanomaterials With the Immune System: Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicine - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Interaction of Nanomaterials With the Immune System: Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicine write by Paola Italiani. This book was released on 2018-04-10. Interaction of Nanomaterials With the Immune System: Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicine available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The immune system has the double role of maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis and of protecting the organism from possible dangers, from invading pathogens to environmentally-borne dangerous chemicals. New chemicals recognisable by the immune system are engineered nanomaterials/ nanoparticles, new agents in our environment that are becoming common due to their presence in many products, from constructions and building material (e.g., solar cells, pigments and paints, tilesand masonry materials) to daily products (e.g., food packaging, cosmetics, and cigarettes). Human beings can be accidentally exposed to engineered nanomaterials when these are released from products containing them or during production in workplaces. Furthermore, intentional exposure occurs in medicine, as engineered nanoparticles are used as tools for improving delivery of drugs and vaccines, vaccine adjuvants and contrast agents in therapeutic, preventive and diagnostic strategies. Nanoparticles that come in contact with the immune system after unintentional exposure need to be eliminated from the organism as they represent a potential threat. In this case, however, due to their peculiar characteristics of size, shape, surface charge and persistence, nanoparticles may elicit undesirable reactions and have detrimental effects on the immune system, such as cytotoxicity, inflammation, anaphylaxis, immunosuppression. Conversely, nanomedicines need to escape immune recognition/elimination and must persist in the organism long enough for reaching their target and exerting their beneficial effects. Immune cells and molecules at the body surface (airway and digestive mucosae, skin) are the first that come in contact with nanomaterials upon accidental exposure, while immune effectors in blood are those that more easily come in contact with nanomedical products. Thus, evaluating the interaction of the immune system with nanoparticles/nanomaterials is a topic of key importance both in nanotoxicology and in nanomedicine. Immuno-nanosafety studies consider both accidental exposure to nanoparticles, which may occur by skin contact, ingestion or inhalation (at doses and with a frequency that are not known), and medical exposure, which takes place with a defined administration schedule (route, dose, frequency). Many studies focus on the interaction between the immune system and nanoparticles that, for medical purposes, have been specifically modified to stimulate immunity or to avoid immune recognition, as in the case of vaccine carriers/adjuvants or drug delivery systems, respectively. The aims of this Research Topic is to provide an overview of recent strategies: 1.for assessing the immunosafety of engineered nanomaterials/nanoparticles, in particular in terms of activation of inflammatory responses, such as complement activation and allergic reactions, based on the nanomaterial intrinsic characteristics and on the possible carry-over of bioactive contaminants such as LPS. Production of new nanoparticles taking into account their effects on immune responses, in order to avoid undesirable effects on one hand, and to design particles with desirable effects for medical applications on the other hand; 2.for designing more effective nanomedicines by either avoiding or exploiting their interaction with the immune systems, with particular focus on cancer diagnosis and therapy, and vaccination. This collection of articles gives a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art of the interaction of nanoparticles with the immune system from the two perspectives of safety and medical use, and aims at providing immunologists with the relevant knowledge for designing improved strategies for immunologically safe nanomaterial applications.
Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System: Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicinenanomedicine
Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System: Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicinenanomedicine - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System: Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicinenanomedicine write by . This book was released on 2018. Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System: Role in Nanosafety and Nanomedicinenanomedicine available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The immune system has the double role of maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis and of protecting the organism from possible dangers, from invading pathogens to environmentally-borne dangerous chemicals. New chemicals recognisable by the immune system are engineered nanomaterials/ nanoparticles, new agents in our environment that are becoming common due to their presence in many products, from constructions and building material (e.g., solar cells, pigments and paints, tiles and masonry materials) to daily products (e.g., food packaging, cosmetics, and cigarettes). Human beings can be accidentally exposed to engineered nanomaterials when these are released from products containing them or during production in workplaces. Furthermore, intentional exposure occurs in medicine, as engineered nanoparticles are used as tools for improving delivery of drugs and vaccines, vaccine adjuvants and contrast agents in therapeutic, preventive and diagnostic strategies. Nanoparticles that come in contact with the immune system after unintentional exposure need to be eliminated from the organism as they represent a potential threat. In this case, however, due to their peculiar characteristics of size, shape, surface charge and persistence, nanoparticles may elicit undesirable reactions and have detrimental effects on the immune system, such as cytotoxicity, inflammation, anaphylaxis, immunosuppression. Conversely, nanomedicines need to escape immune recognition/elimination and must persist in the organism long enough for reaching their target and exerting their beneficial effects. Immune cells and molecules at the body surface (airway and digestive mucosae, skin) are the first that come in contact with nanomaterials upon accidental exposure, while immune effectors in blood are those that more easily come in contact with nanomedical products. Thus, evaluating the interaction of the immune system with nanoparticles/nanomaterials is a topic of key importance both in nanotoxicology and in nanomedicine. Immuno-nanosafety studies consider both accidental exposure to nanoparticles, which may occur by skin contact, ingestion or inhalation (at doses and with a frequency that are not known), and medical exposure, which takes place with a defined administration schedule (route, dose, frequency). Many studies focus on the interaction between the immune system and nanoparticles that, for medical purposes, have been specifically modified to stimulate immunity or to avoid immune recognition, as in the case of vaccine carriers/adjuvants or drug delivery systems, respectively. The aims of this Research Topic is to provide an overview of recent strategies: 1.for assessing the immunosafety of engineered nanomaterials/nanoparticles, in particular in terms of activation of inflammatory responses, such as complement activation and allergic reactions, based on the nanomaterial intrinsic characteristics and on the possible carry-over of bioactive contaminants such as LPS. Production of new nanoparticles taking into account their effects on immune responses, in order to avoid undesirable effects on one hand, and to design particles with desirable effects for medical applications on the other hand; 2.for designing more effective nanomedicines by either avoiding or exploiting their interaction with the immune systems, with particular focus on cancer diagnosis and therapy, and vaccination. This collection of articles gives a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art of the interaction of nanoparticles with the immune system from the two perspectives of safety and medical use, and aims at providing immunologists with the relevant knowledge for designing improved strategies for immunologically safe nanomaterial applications.
Nanoparticles and the Immune System
Nanoparticles and the Immune System - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Nanoparticles and the Immune System write by Diana Boraschi. This book was released on 2013-11-29. Nanoparticles and the Immune System available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Nanoparticles and the Immune System provides a reference text for toxicologists, materials scientists and regulators and covers the key issues of interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system. The book discusses several issues that toxicologists and regulators need to know: identification of endpoints that are relevant for assessing hazard, evaluating impact on immunologically frail populations, and how to evaluate chronic/cumulative effects. In addition, the book addresses the possibility of turning the immunomodulating properties of certain nanomaterials to our advantage for amplifying immune responses in certain diseases or preventive strategies (e.g. vaccination). Identifies endpoints relevant for assessing hazardous situations, evaluating the impact on immunologically frail populations and how to gauge chronic/cumulative effects Raises the awareness of the importance of knowing the effects of the new nanomaterials on our immune system
Interactions of Engineered and Endogenous Nanoparticles with Cells in the Immune System
Interactions of Engineered and Endogenous Nanoparticles with Cells in the Immune System - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Interactions of Engineered and Endogenous Nanoparticles with Cells in the Immune System write by Helen Vallhov. This book was released on 2010. Interactions of Engineered and Endogenous Nanoparticles with Cells in the Immune System available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Nanotechnology is a fast developing area, which refers to research and technology development at the nanometer scale, ranging from 0.1-100 nm. The properties of nanomaterials offer the ability to interact with complex biological functions, implying enormous opportunities for novel applications within medicine. However, there is little information available concerning the potential toxicity of nanoparticles and what influence such particles have on the immune system, e.g. on dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are the most efficient antigen presenting cells, having a capacity to initiate and direct immune responses against foreign material. The aim of this thesis was to study effects of differently sized and shaped nanomaterials in the interaction with primary human monocyte derived DCs (MDDCs), thereby obtaining an insight on what impact these materials have on the immune system and their potential use in medical applications. In addition, we wanted to determine if endogenous nanoparticles (exosomes), produced by various cells, are natural targeting vehicles. We show that conventionally produced gold nanoparticles had a maturing effect on human MDDCs, but this was found to be a result of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination. By modification of the production process, clean particles were obtained, which had practically no effect on phenotype or cytokine production of MDDCs. These findings emphasize the importance of retaining high purity during the production of nanoparticles, since possible contaminants may interfere with the assessment of nanoparticles biological effects and result in hazardous particles. To investigate whether various shapes of gold nanoparticles affect MDDC differently, a novel method was developed for the preparation of gold nanorods with high aspect ratios (ARs) based on a self-seeded surfactant-mediated protocol. The biocompatibility of these high AR gold nanorods, with potential use in thermal therapy, was compared with spherical gold nanoparticles
