International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) of Nuclear Installations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) of Nuclear Installations write by Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques. This book was released on 2012. International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) of Nuclear Installations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Cost estimation for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities can vary considerably in format, content and practice both within and across countries. These differences may have legitimate reasons but make the process of reviewing estimates complicated and the estimates themselves difficult to defend. Hence, the joint initiative of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the European Commission (EC) was undertaken to propose a standard itemisation of decommissioning costs either directly for the production of cost estimates or for mapping estimates onto a standard, common structure for purposes of comparison. This report updates the earlier itemisation published in 1999 and takes into account experience accumulated thus far. The revised cost itemisation structure has sought to ensure that all costs within the planned scope of a decommissioning project may be reflected. The report also provides general guidance on developing a decommissioning cost estimate, including detailed advice on using the structure.
The Technological and Economic Future of Nuclear Power
The Technological and Economic Future of Nuclear Power - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Technological and Economic Future of Nuclear Power write by Reinhard Haas. This book was released on 2019-04-26. The Technological and Economic Future of Nuclear Power available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This open access book discusses the eroding economics of nuclear power for electricity generation as well as technical, legal, and political acceptance issues. The use of nuclear power for electricity generation is still a heavily disputed issue. Aside from technical risks, safety issues, and the unsolved problem of nuclear waste disposal, the economic performance is currently a major barrier. In recent years, the costs have skyrocketed especially in the European countries and North America. At the same time, the costs of alternatives such as photovoltaics and wind power have significantly decreased.
Costs of Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants
Costs of Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Costs of Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants write by . This book was released on 2016. Costs of Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. While refurbishments for the long-term operation of nuclear power plants and for the lifetime extension of such plants have been widely pursued in recent years, the number of plants to be decommissioned is nonetheless expected to increase in future, particularly in the United States and Europe. It is thus important to understand the costs of decommissioning so as to develop coherent and cost-effective strategies, realistic cost estimates based on decommissioning plans from the outset of operations and mechanisms to ensure that future decommissioning expenses can be adequately covered. This study presents the results of an NEA review of the costs of decommissioning nuclear power plants and of overall funding practices adopted across NEA member countries. The study is based on the results of this NEA questionnaire, on actual decommissioning costs or estimates, and on plans for the establishment and management of decommissioning funds. Case studies are included to provide insight into decommissioning practices in a number of countries.
Disarmament and Decommissioning in the Nuclear Domain
Disarmament and Decommissioning in the Nuclear Domain - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Disarmament and Decommissioning in the Nuclear Domain write by Jean-Claude Amiard. This book was released on 2021-09-15. Disarmament and Decommissioning in the Nuclear Domain available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Following the acquisition of the atomic bomb by five states, the United Nations began drafting several treaties to limit nuclear proliferation. These efforts failed, as four more states also acquired nuclear weapons. In a similar vein, an attempt to limit atomic weapons - primarily within the two superpowers - was initiated. While the number of weapons has decreased, the new bombs now being manufactured are more powerful and more precise, negating any reduction in numbers. In the field of civil nuclear use, all nuclear facilities (reactors, factories, etc.) have a limited lifespan. Once a plant is permanently shut down, these facilities must be decommissioned and dismantled. These operations are difficult, time-consuming and costly. In addition, decommissioning generates large volumes of radioactive waste of various categories, including long-lived and high-activity waste. Risks to the environment and to health are not negligible during decommissioning. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have produced numerous publications with recommendations. Each state has its own decommissioning strategy (immediate or delayed) and final plan for the site - whether it be returning it to greenfield status or obtaining a nuclear site license with centuries-long monitoring.
Costing Methods and Funding Schemes for Radioactive Waste Disposal Programmes
Costing Methods and Funding Schemes for Radioactive Waste Disposal Programmes - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Costing Methods and Funding Schemes for Radioactive Waste Disposal Programmes write by IAEA. This book was released on 2020-11-11. Costing Methods and Funding Schemes for Radioactive Waste Disposal Programmes available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Reliable methods for estimating the cost of a radioactive waste disposal programme are crucial to ensure that the necessary funding for completing the disposal programme is available. Estimating the cost for disposal is, however, a challenging and complex task. Disposal programmes themselves are complex and long term undertakings, and conditions can be expected to change significantly over the time span during which a disposal programme is developed and implemented. This publication provides Member States with information on developing cost estimates for a disposal programme and establishing funding mechanisms. It will help readers in becoming informed clients by familiarizing themselves with the approaches and complexities in cost estimates and funding mechanisms for disposal. The publication is applicable to all waste categories and both near surface and geological disposal. It contains relevant examples and case studies from national programmes. The cost figures are intended to give an indication of the possible cost of certain parts or aspects of the disposal programme rather than to compare different disposal programmes costs.
