Reforming Juvenile Justice - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Reforming Juvenile Justice write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2013-05-22. Reforming Juvenile Justice available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Justice Reform and Development
Justice Reform and Development - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Justice Reform and Development write by Linn A. Hammergren. This book was released on 2014-04-29. Justice Reform and Development available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book explores the objectives pursued in donor programs, the methods used to advance them, and the underlying assumptions and strategies. It emphasizes the unexpected and sometimes unpleasant consequences of ignoring not only political and societal constraints but also advances in our technical approaches to performance improvement, the one area where the First World has a comparative advantage. The geographic scope of the work is broad, incorporating examples from Eastern and Central Europe, Latin America, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region as well as from several First World nations. Justice Reform and Development examines First World assistance to justice or "rule of law" reforms in developing and transitional societies, arguing that its purported failure is vastly exaggerated, largely because of unrealistic expectations as to what could be accomplished. Change nonetheless is needed if the programs are to continue and would be best based on targeting specific performance problems, incorporation of donor countries’ experience with their own reforms, and greater attention to relevant research. While contributing to an on-going debate among practitioners and academics involved in justice programs, this book will also be accessible to readers with little exposure to the topics, especially advanced undergraduate and graduate students in law, political science and areas studies.
Justice Reform and Development
Justice Reform and Development - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Justice Reform and Development write by Linn A. Hammergren. This book was released on 2015-07-22. Justice Reform and Development available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book explores the impact of three decades of donor-sponsored judicial reform in developing countries, and suggests how future efforts might be improved. Responding to a recently articulated thesis, Linn Hammergren argues that claims of the failure of justice reform programs are vastly overstated and based, like the programs themselves, on overly ambitious expectations as to what can be accomplished. Justice Reform and Development argues that the recommended remedies still do not answer the questions of which objectives can reasonably be pursued and suggests justice reform may be more effective if it is not seen as a problem unique to the developing world.
Rule of Law Reform and Development
Rule of Law Reform and Development - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Rule of Law Reform and Development write by M. J. Trebilcock. This book was released on 2009-01-01. Rule of Law Reform and Development available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Rule of Law Reform and Development stands out as an important contribution. Michael Trebilcock and Ronald Daniels have produced an ambitious, comprehensive, and persuasive book that will be of interest to both rule of law practitioners and academics. . . the book s overall strengths as a near-encyclopaedic appraisal of law and development will ensure its standing as a key resource for this still rapidly evolving field. Irina Ceric, Canadian Journal of Law and Society This book offers a sophisticated yet pragmatic account of the proper purposes of rule of law reform, the obstacles to achieving it, and the role that the international community can play. The procedural conception of the rule of law offers an appealing alternative to both one-size-fits-all universalism on the one hand and unconstrained relativism on the other. Kevin Davis, New York University School of Law, US This is the book that I have been waiting for. Even though rule of law has become the new mantra in development, its meaning remains elusive and its operational content unclear. This book helps us think systematically about it. Grounded in a procedural conceptualization of the rule of law, and supported by detailed case studies, Trebilcock and Daniels analysis lays out a theoretically sophisticated, yet practical agenda for making progress with rule-of-law reforms. Dani Rodrik, Harvard University, US This is a book on the role of legal institutions in economic development that is rich in institutional analysis and nuanced in terms of sensitivity to social, historical and political-economy issues that arise in the implementation of the rule of law. I particularly value its major focus on the need for balance between independence and accountability that afflict any rule of law reform: a balance which is missing in more one-sided accounts in the literature. I believe the book will be widely read and appreciated. Pranab Bardhan, University of California, Berkeley, US Within the law and development literature it is the most knowledgeable and comprehensive book on legal reform. I think that it will find a grateful readership among people working in development agencies, in humanitarian organizations and among scholars and students of development studies. Hans-Bernd Schäfer, University of Hamburg, Germany By identifying the key politico-economic reasons why rule-of-law reforms in developing countries have faltered and drawing out the implications for future strategy, this book is of immense importance and should be widely read. Anthony Ogus, CBE, FBA, University of Manchester, UK This important book addresses a number of key issues regarding the relationship between the rule of law and development. It presents a deep and insightful inquiry into the current orthodoxy that the rule of law is the panacea for the world s problems. The authors chart the precarious progress of law reforms both in overall terms and in specific policy areas such as the judiciary, the police, tax administration and access to justice, among others. They accept that the rule of law is necessarily tied to the success of development, although they propose a set of procedural values to enlighten this institutional approach. The authors also recognize that states face difficulties in implementing this institutional structures and identify the probable impediments, before proposing a rethink of law reform strategies and offering some conclusions about the role of the international community in the rule of law reform. Reviewing the progress in the rule of law reform in developing countries, specifically four regions Latin America, Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, and Asia this book makes a significant contribution to the literature. It will be of great interest to scholars and advanced students, as well as practitioners in the field, including international and bilateral aid agencies working on rule of law reform projects, and international and regional non-governmental organiza
Collision Course
Collision Course - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Collision Course write by Kathleen Auerhahn. This book was released on 2022-01-14. Collision Course available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book is about the convergence of trends in two American institutions – the economy and the criminal justice system. The American economy has radically transformed in the past half-century, led by advances in automation technology that have permanently altered labor market dynamics. Over the same period, the U.S. criminal justice system experienced an unprecedented expansion at great cost. These costs include not only the $80 billion annually in direct expenditures on criminal justice, but also the devastating impacts experienced by justice-involved individuals, families, and communities. Recently, a widespread consensus has emerged that the era of “mass incarceration” is at an end, reflected in a declining prison population. Criminal justice reforms such as diversion and problem-solving courts, a renewed focus on reentry, and drug policy reform have as their goal keeping more individuals with justice system involvement out of prisons, in the community and subsequently in the labor force, which lacks the capacity to accommodate these additional would-be workers. This poses significant problems for criminal justice practice, which relies heavily on employment as a signal of offenders’ intentions to live a law-abiding lifestyle. The diminished capacity of the economy to utilize the labor of all who have historically been expected to work presents significant challenges for American society. Work, in the American ethos is the marker of success, masculinity and how one “contributes to society.” What are the consequences of ignoring these converging structural trends? This book examines these potential consequences, the meaning of work in American society, and suggests alternative redistributive and policy solutions to avert the collision course of these economic and criminal justice policy trends.
