Land - Atmosphere Coupling in Climate Models Over North America; Understanding Inter-model Differences - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Land - Atmosphere Coupling in Climate Models Over North America; Understanding Inter-model Differences write by Almudena García García. This book was released on 2020. Land - Atmosphere Coupling in Climate Models Over North America; Understanding Inter-model Differences available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The interactions between the lower atmosphere and the land surface are associated with weather and climate phenomena such as the duration, frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and precipitation events. Thus, the representation of land- atmosphere interactions in climate model simulations is crucial for projecting future changes in the statistics of extreme events as realistically as possible. Given the importance of the land-atmosphere interaction, the purpose of the thesis is to evaluate climate simulations performed by General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) and examine the role of the Land Surface Model (LSM) component and the horizontal resolution over North America. For this purpose, I analyze a large set of simulations from GCMs and RCMs used by the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as my own simulations performed by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results show that GCM simulations present large uncertainties in the representation of land-atmosphere interactions in comparison with observations. This work also reveals a dependence of the simulated land-atmosphere interactions on the LSM components used in regional and global simulations. Additionally, the LSM component is identified as an important source of uncertainty in the simulation of extreme temperature and precipitation events. Increasing the horizontal resolution also affects the simulation of land-atmosphere interactions, which lead to the intensification of precipitation, evapotranspiration and soil moisture at low latitudes; that is increased latent heat flux, soil moisture, and precipitation. The impact of both factors, horizontal resolution and the LSM, is larger in summer in agreement with the summer intensification of land-atmosphere interactions reported in the literature. The comparison of model simulations and observations indicates that the use of the most comprehensive LSM component available in WRF, the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4), leads to a better representation of temperature climatologies. In contrast, finer horizontal resolutions are associated with larger biases in the WRF simulation of precipitation climatology, due to the overestimation of precipitation in the WRF model. Due to the large effect of the LSM component on the simulation of near-surface conditions shown in this dissertation, the use of simple version of LSM component in GCMs, RCMs or reanalyses can be an important limitation in climate simulations and reanalysis products.
Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling
Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling write by E.F. Wood. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.
Frontiers of Climate Modeling
Frontiers of Climate Modeling - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Frontiers of Climate Modeling write by J. T. Kiehl. This book was released on 2011-06-30. Frontiers of Climate Modeling available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The physics and dynamics of the atmosphere and atmosphere-ocean interactions provide the foundation of modern climate models, upon which our understanding of the chemistry and biology of ocean and land surface processes are built. Originally published in 2006, Frontiers of Climate Modeling captures developments in modeling the atmosphere, and their implications for our understanding of climate change, whether due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Emphasis is on elucidating how greenhouse gases and aerosols are altering the radiative forcing of the climate system and the sensitivity of the system to such perturbations. An expert team of authors address key aspects of the atmospheric greenhouse effect, clouds, aerosols, atmospheric radiative transfer, deep convection dynamics, large scale ocean dynamics, stratosphere-troposphere interactions, and coupled ocean-atmosphere model development. The book is an important reference for researchers and advanced students interested in the forces driving the climate system and how they are modeled by climate scientists.
Demystifying Climate Models
Demystifying Climate Models - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Demystifying Climate Models write by Andrew Gettelman. This book was released on 2016-04-09. Demystifying Climate Models available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book demystifies the models we use to simulate present and future climates, allowing readers to better understand how to use climate model results. In order to predict the future trajectory of the Earth’s climate, climate-system simulation models are necessary. When and how do we trust climate model predictions? The book offers a framework for answering this question. It provides readers with a basic primer on climate and climate change, and offers non-technical explanations for how climate models are constructed, why they are uncertain, and what level of confidence we should place in them. It presents current results and the key uncertainties concerning them. Uncertainty is not a weakness but understanding uncertainty is a strength and a key part of using any model, including climate models. Case studies of how climate model output has been used and how it might be used in the future are provided. The ultimate goal of this book is to promote a better understanding of the structure and uncertainties of climate models among users, including scientists, engineers and policymakers.
Land-atmosphere Coupling Strength Over the U.S. During Summer
Land-atmosphere Coupling Strength Over the U.S. During Summer - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Land-atmosphere Coupling Strength Over the U.S. During Summer write by Rui Mei. This book was released on 2012. Land-atmosphere Coupling Strength Over the U.S. During Summer available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
