Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling write by E.F. Wood. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.
Land Surface - Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling
Land Surface - Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Land Surface - Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling write by E. F. Wood. This book was released on 1990-12-31. Land Surface - Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Land - Atmosphere Coupling in Climate Models Over North America; Understanding Inter-model Differences
Land - Atmosphere Coupling in Climate Models Over North America; Understanding Inter-model Differences - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Land - Atmosphere Coupling in Climate Models Over North America; Understanding Inter-model Differences write by Almudena García García. This book was released on 2020. Land - Atmosphere Coupling in Climate Models Over North America; Understanding Inter-model Differences available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The interactions between the lower atmosphere and the land surface are associated with weather and climate phenomena such as the duration, frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and precipitation events. Thus, the representation of land- atmosphere interactions in climate model simulations is crucial for projecting future changes in the statistics of extreme events as realistically as possible. Given the importance of the land-atmosphere interaction, the purpose of the thesis is to evaluate climate simulations performed by General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) and examine the role of the Land Surface Model (LSM) component and the horizontal resolution over North America. For this purpose, I analyze a large set of simulations from GCMs and RCMs used by the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as my own simulations performed by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results show that GCM simulations present large uncertainties in the representation of land-atmosphere interactions in comparison with observations. This work also reveals a dependence of the simulated land-atmosphere interactions on the LSM components used in regional and global simulations. Additionally, the LSM component is identified as an important source of uncertainty in the simulation of extreme temperature and precipitation events. Increasing the horizontal resolution also affects the simulation of land-atmosphere interactions, which lead to the intensification of precipitation, evapotranspiration and soil moisture at low latitudes; that is increased latent heat flux, soil moisture, and precipitation. The impact of both factors, horizontal resolution and the LSM, is larger in summer in agreement with the summer intensification of land-atmosphere interactions reported in the literature. The comparison of model simulations and observations indicates that the use of the most comprehensive LSM component available in WRF, the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4), leads to a better representation of temperature climatologies. In contrast, finer horizontal resolutions are associated with larger biases in the WRF simulation of precipitation climatology, due to the overestimation of precipitation in the WRF model. Due to the large effect of the LSM component on the simulation of near-surface conditions shown in this dissertation, the use of simple version of LSM component in GCMs, RCMs or reanalyses can be an important limitation in climate simulations and reanalysis products.
Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling
Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling write by Boris A. Kagan. This book was released on 1995-03-09. Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A comprehensive 1995 treatment of all aspects of ocean-atmosphere interactions, for advanced students and professional researchers.
Land Use and Cover Change
Land Use and Cover Change - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Land Use and Cover Change write by Ram Babu Singh. This book was released on 2001. Land Use and Cover Change available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This text aims to promote a better understanding of land use and land-cover change in the assessment and management of global environmental resources, and to develop a comparative framework for assessing these changes.
