Marine Metapopulations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Marine Metapopulations write by Jacob P. Kritzer. This book was released on 2010-07-20. Marine Metapopulations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Technological improvements have greatly increased the ability of marine scientists to collect and analyze data over large spatial scales, and the resultant insights attainable from interpreting those data vastly increase understanding of poplation dynamics, evolution and biogeography. Marine Metapopulations provides a synthesis of existing information and understanding, and frames the most important future directions and issues. First book to systematically apply metapopulation theory directly to marine systems Contributions from leading international ecologists and fisheries biologists Perspectives on a broad array of marine organisms and ecosystems, from coastal estuaries to shallow reefs to deep-sea hydrothermal vents Critical science for improved management of marine resources Paves the way for future research on large-scale spatial ecology of marine systems
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) Metapopulations
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) Metapopulations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) Metapopulations write by Ridouan Bani. This book was released on 2020. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) Metapopulations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "Conservation of coastal ecosystems, from the prediction of their response to climate change, to the design of effective marine reserve networks, requires that we understand the role of complex oceanic transport patterns as a major driver of connectivity among marine populations that disperse though a pelagic larval phase. Metapopulation theories have provided many insights on the role of dispersal for population persistence and stability, but few studies have integrated spatiotemporal variability in ocean currents and connectivity. In marine systems, the fate of propagules (egg or larvae) depends on ocean currents and on biological traits associated with dispersal such as spawning time and pelagic larval duration, which in turn can be affected by changing environmental conditions such as temperature. My thesis introduces a new theory of marine metapopulations under fluctuating connectivity and makes it applicable to predicting metapopulation response to climate change and to the design of marine reserve networks. I first develop a new theory that explains how spatiotemporal patterns of larval dispersal affect marine metapopulation growth and stability (Chapter 2). I then study the different pathways throughout which climate change is expected to affect metapopulation stability, by considering its effects on both biological traits associated with dispersal and on ocean currents (Chapter 3). I finally extended current reserve network theories and derived the contributions of both within- and between-reserve fluctuations in connectivity to the stability of whole MPA networks in relation to MPA size and spacing. I explain how spatiotemporal patterns of larval dispersal can create nested network within individual MPAs with important impacts on MPA network persistence. The three chapters combine theoretical approaches with application to specific case study (Northeast Pacific coastal system). The dynamic connectivity theory contained in this thesis captures the temporal as well as the spatial variation of larval dispersal between habitats, and helped reveal the complex relationship between pelagic traits (pelagic larval duration and spawning time), the statistical moments of dynamic connectivity. and metapopulation growth and stability. These complex relationships, once resolved, can explain non-monotonic and counterintuitive relationship between larval duration and climate change effects on marine metapopulations. Applying dynamic connectivity theory to the design of marine reserve networks shows how within-reserve connectivity can be as important as between-reserve connectivity for optimizing reserve size and spacing"--
Spatial Heterogeneity and the Importance of Patchiness in Marine Metapopulations
Spatial Heterogeneity and the Importance of Patchiness in Marine Metapopulations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Spatial Heterogeneity and the Importance of Patchiness in Marine Metapopulations write by Jeffery Aaron Rank. This book was released on 2001. Spatial Heterogeneity and the Importance of Patchiness in Marine Metapopulations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Ocean Ecology
Ocean Ecology - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ocean Ecology write by J. Emmett Duffy. This book was released on 2021-08-10. Ocean Ecology available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A comprehensive introduction to ocean ecology and a new way of thinking about ocean life Marine ecology is more interdisciplinary, broader in scope, and more intimately linked to human activities than ever before. Ocean Ecology provides advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and practitioners with an integrated approach to marine ecology that reflects these new scientific realities, and prepares students for the challenges of studying and managing the ocean as a complex adaptive system. This authoritative and accessible textbook advances a framework based on interactions among four major features of marine ecosystems—geomorphology, the abiotic environment, biodiversity, and biogeochemistry—and shows how life is a driver of environmental conditions and dynamics. Ocean Ecology explains the ecological processes that link organismal to ecosystem scales and that shape the major types of ocean ecosystems, historically and in today's Anthropocene world. Provides an integrated new approach to understanding and managing the ocean Shows how biological diversity is the heart of functioning ecosystems Spans genes to earth systems, surface to seafloor, and estuary to ocean gyre Links species composition, trait distribution, and other ecological structures to the functioning of ecosystems Explains how fishing, fossil fuel combustion, industrial fertilizer use, and other human impacts are transforming the Anthropocene ocean An essential textbook for students and an invaluable resource for practitioners
Implications of Complex Connectivity Patterns, Disturbance, Allee Effects, and Fisheries in the Dynamics of Marine Metapopulations
Implications of Complex Connectivity Patterns, Disturbance, Allee Effects, and Fisheries in the Dynamics of Marine Metapopulations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Implications of Complex Connectivity Patterns, Disturbance, Allee Effects, and Fisheries in the Dynamics of Marine Metapopulations write by Tania Sarith Peña-Baca. This book was released on 2014. Implications of Complex Connectivity Patterns, Disturbance, Allee Effects, and Fisheries in the Dynamics of Marine Metapopulations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Nearshore populations have been depleted and some have not yet recovered. Therefore, theoretical studies focus on improving fisheries management and designing marine protected areas (MPAs). Depleted populations may be undergoing an Allee effect, i.e. a decrease in fitness at low densities. Here, I constructed a marine metapopulation model that included pre- and post-dispersal Allee effects using a network theory approach. Networks represent metapopulations as groups of nodes connected by dispersal paths. With this model I answered four questions: What is the role of Allee effects on habitat occupancy? Are MPAs effective in recovering exploited populations? What is the importance of larval dispersal patterns in preventing local extinctions due to exploitation and Allee effects? Can exploitation fragment nearshore metapopulations? When weak Allee effects are included, habitat occupancy drops as larval retention decreases because more larvae are lost to unsuitable habitat. With strong Allee effects habitat occupancy also drops at high larval retention because more larvae are needed to overcome the Allee effect. Post-dispersal Allee effects seem more detrimental for nearshore metapopulations. MPA effectiveness seems also lower in a post-dispersal Allee effect scenario. In overexploited systems, local populations that go extinct are also less likely to recover even after protecting the whole coastline. In exploited nearshore metapopulations with Allee effects, local occupancy or the recovery of local populations depends not only on larval inflow from neighbor populations, but also on larval inflow for these neighbors. Nearshore metapopulations with intense fishing mortality and Allee effects may also suffer a decrease in dispersal strength and fragmentation. Population fragmentation occurs when large populations are split into smaller groups. A tool for detecting partitioning in a network is modularity. The modularity analysis performed for red abalone in the Southern California Bight showed that exploitation increases partitioning through time before the entire metapopulation collapses. These findings call for research effort in estimating the strength of potential Allee effects to prevent stock collapse and assess MPA effectiveness, evaluating the predictability of local occupancy by centrality metrics to help identify important sites for conservation, and using modularity analysis to quantify the health of exploited metapopulations to prevent their collapse.
