Measuring the income to intangibles in goods production: a global value chain approach - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Measuring the income to intangibles in goods production: a global value chain approach write by World Intellectual Property Organization. This book was released on 2017. Measuring the income to intangibles in goods production: a global value chain approach available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Today’s production processes are fragmented across countries and industries. Intangibles play an important role, but their measurement is elusive. This paper proposes a new empirical framework to measure factor incomes in production that spans industries and countries.
Measuring the Income to Intangibles in Goods Production
Measuring the Income to Intangibles in Goods Production - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Measuring the Income to Intangibles in Goods Production write by Wen Chen. This book was released on 2023. Measuring the Income to Intangibles in Goods Production available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Today's production processes are fragmented across countries and industries. Intangibles play an important role, but their measurement is elusive. Their use is not bound by a location and they can be shared across plants. We propose a new empirical framework to measure factor incomes in production that spans industries and countries. We define intangible capital income residually as the difference between the value of a final product and the costs of all tangible factor inputs (capital and labour) in any stage of production. We bring this to the data using the WIOD and additional national account statistics on capital stocks. For manufactured products we find that the share of intangible capital income in final output increased rapidly since 2000, levelling off after 2008. In 2014 it stood at about 31 per cent. This is much higher than the tangible capital income share (18 per cent). For pharmaceuticals, furniture, textiles and food the intangible income share remained roughly constant over 2000-2014. In contrast the share increased rapidly for machinery and equipment products until 2008, slightly declining afterwards. We find that across all products about one quarter of the intangibles incomes is realised in the distribution stage (from factory to consumer). One quarter is realised in the final production stage and half in other production stages. The latter has increased in particular in the early 2000. We discuss measurement problems and stress the explorative nature of the exercise.
Factor Incomes in Global Value Chains
Factor Incomes in Global Value Chains - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Factor Incomes in Global Value Chains write by Wen Chen. This book was released on 2018. Factor Incomes in Global Value Chains available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Recent studies document a decline in the share of labour and a simultaneous increase in the share of residual (‘factorless’) income in national GDP. We argue the need for study of factor incomes in cross-border production to complement country studies. We define a GVC production function that tracks the value added in each stage of production in any country-industry. We define a new residual as the difference between the value of the final good and the payments to all tangibles (capital and labour) in any stage. We focus on GVCs of manufactured goods and find the residual to be large. We interpret it as income for intangibles that are (mostly) not covered in current national accounts statistics. We document decreasing labour and increasing capital income shares over the period 2000-14. This is mainly due to increasing income for intangible assets, in particular in GVCs of durable goods. We provide evidence that suggests that the 2000s should be seen as an exceptional period in the global economy during which multinational firms benefitted from reduced labour costs through offshoring, while capitalising on existing firm-specific intangibles, such as brand names, at little marginal cost.
The powerful role of intangibles in the coffee value chain
The powerful role of intangibles in the coffee value chain - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The powerful role of intangibles in the coffee value chain write by World Intellectual Property Organization. This book was released on 2017. The powerful role of intangibles in the coffee value chain available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The paper describes: a) the coffee industry and its GVC structure; b) the role that intangible assets play in value creation from both the supply and demand perspective; and c) the current and potential role of intellectual property tools in creating and retaining value, as well as providing economic upgrade options.
Measuring Competitiveness in a World of Global Value Chains
Measuring Competitiveness in a World of Global Value Chains - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Measuring Competitiveness in a World of Global Value Chains write by Mr.Tamim Bayoumi. This book was released on 2018-11-01. Measuring Competitiveness in a World of Global Value Chains available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. All common real effective exchange rate indexes assume trade is only in final goods, despite the growing presence of global supply chains. Extending effective exchange rate indexes to include such intermediate goods can imply radically different effective exchange rate weights, depending on the relative substitutability of goods in final demand and in production. Unfortunately, the effect of these shifts in weights are difficult to identify empirically because the two currencies most affected—the dollar and the renminbi—have moved closely together. As the renminbi becomes more flexible, however, it will be important to determine which assumptions are the most realistic.
