Millivolt Silicon Photonic Modulators for Cryogenic Applications - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Millivolt Silicon Photonic Modulators for Cryogenic Applications write by Marc De Cea Falco. This book was released on 2020. Millivolt Silicon Photonic Modulators for Cryogenic Applications available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Cryogenic technologies promise to overcome existing bottlenecks in a range of science and engineering fields including quantum computing, high performance computing and single-photon communication systems. As these technologies mature and systems scale, a readout solution for high speed, low power data transfer between the cryogenic environment and room temperature becomes essential. The use of optical links for such data transfer - in what is known as cryogenic optical readout - is appealing due to the low heat conduction of optical fiber and the possibility to exploit wavelength division multiplexing architectures. However, existing demonstrations suffer from large power dissipation associated with amplifying the millivolt signals generated by the cryogenic systems. This thesis deals with the development of silicon photonic modulators operating at cryogenic temperatures and capable of modulating an optical carrier with millivol-level driving signals. We show cryogenic operation of CMOS photonic resonant modulators in the forward bias regime with high modulation efficiency and reduced power dissipation, and demonstrate cryogenic optical readout of a superconducting single photon detector. We also present a new operation mode for optical modulators that leverages parasitic photocurrent to achieve electrical gain and reduce power dissipation. Modulation with signal levels down to 4 mVpp and electrical power dissipation in the zJ/bit range is demonstrated. This thesis sets the foundation for silicon photonics to realize scalable, low power, high throughput cryogenic readout, addressing one of the key remaining challenges for the wide adoption of cryogenic technologies.
Silicon Photonic Mach-zehnder Modulator Architectures for High Order Modulation Formats
Silicon Photonic Mach-zehnder Modulator Architectures for High Order Modulation Formats - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Silicon Photonic Mach-zehnder Modulator Architectures for High Order Modulation Formats write by Alireza Samani. This book was released on 2019. Silicon Photonic Mach-zehnder Modulator Architectures for High Order Modulation Formats available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "Global internet traffic has been growing exponentially in the past several years. This increase is fueled by video streaming services (e.g. Netflix, YouTube), cloud-based storages (e.g. Dropbox, google drive), and machine-to-machine (e.g. Internet of Things) applications. Since 2008 most Internet traffic has originated or been terminated in datacenters and the datacenter traffic is forecasted to grow three-fold in the next five years to reach 20.6 zettabytes by 2021. On-Off-Keying (OOK) has been the main modulation format employed in short reach optical interconnects. The simplicity of the transmitter and receiver architectures have been an important factor in the success of OOK for short reach optical links. Recently deployed, 100 Gb/s systems utilize OOK modulation in 4 × 25 Gb/s configuration. However, as we move towards 400 Gb/s and 1 Tb/s systems, OOK requires a proportional increase in the bandwidth. Hence, a more efficient modulation format is required to avoid such complexity. Silicon photonics (SiP) has recently become a popular choice for datacenter interconnects. Taking advantage of years of complementary metal oxide semiconductor research and development, SiP provides a low cost and high yield platform for datacenter optical interconnects. In this thesis, 3 different SiP Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) structures to generate higher order modulation formats are presented. First, the feasibility of utilizing coherent transmission systems as opposed to intensity modulation/direct detection systems for 400 Gb/s and 1 Tb/s systems are discussed and an Inphase-Quadrature modulator is presented. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using coherent systems for short reach applications. Next, we investigate and compare the performance advantages of generating 4-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-4) using various structures of MZM optically, instead of generating PAM-4 in the electrical domain using digital to analog convertors (DACs) for 400 Gb/s systems. The two variants of optical-DACs are a Dual Parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM) with one series push pull travelling wave MZM on each arm and a single MZM having two electrodes in series that we name Multi-Electrode MZM (ME-MZM). We present the optical design of the modulators and investigate the effects of non-linearities of the MZM transfer function and PN junction phase-shifters on performance of the PAM-4 generation. Then, the DC, small signal and large signal characterization of each modulator are presented. We parametrically examine the transmission performance of each modulator and present an optimized modulator design for optical generation and transmission of 112 Gb/s PAM-4 without using digital signal processing." --
Zero Change CMOS Microring Modulators at 1550 Nm
Zero Change CMOS Microring Modulators at 1550 Nm - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Zero Change CMOS Microring Modulators at 1550 Nm write by Marc de Cea Falcó. This book was released on 2017. Zero Change CMOS Microring Modulators at 1550 Nm available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. While optical communications are the standard solution for long haul communications, its adoption for short range (i.e, intra- and inter-chip interconnects and metro-area) transmission systems, where a considerable increase in data rates and a decrease in power consumption is to be gained, has been hampered mainly because the high cost associated to the fabrication of discrete optical components. The integration of photonic components in a single substrate, in what is known as silicon photonics, arises as a promising solution to overcome this limitation. Specifically, zero change CMOS silicon photonics, in which photonic components are fabricated in state of the art commercial microelectronic foundries without any change in the fabrication flow, therefore not modifying the transistor yield, enables the monolithic integration of electronics and photonics at a very low cost. Nevertheless, this comes at an expense in the control of the fabrication process and, as such, in the performance of the devices. It is of paramount importance, then, to carefully design, model and optimize these photonic components and test them experimentally. It is the object of this thesis to do so for one of the photonic components necessary for optical communications: modulators. To avoid high optical losses and achieve high optical confinement, the whispering gallery modes of silicon rings (with radii in the order of um) are exploited, and effective modulation is achieved by changing the carrier density in the silicon by means of pn junctions. In this thesis, high speed (25 Gbps) modulation at a working wavelength of 1550 nm is reported for the first time in a zero-change CMOS platform, and it is also demonstrated that this photonics platform can be readily used for low temperature (4 K) applications. A complete model of a silicon microring modulator that includes nonlinear effects (which can have an important detrimental effect in the device performance) is also derived, and from it power handling capabilities of these modulators are determined. By realizing high-speed an efficient optical modulators at the telecommunications wave- length, the potential of these CMOS photonics platform for addressing the future demands in the telecom and datacom systems by the fabrication of high scale electronic-photonic systems has been unveiled.
Performance Characterization of Photonic Links in Cryogenic Environments for Advanced Signal Processing Applications. Revision 1
Performance Characterization of Photonic Links in Cryogenic Environments for Advanced Signal Processing Applications. Revision 1 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Performance Characterization of Photonic Links in Cryogenic Environments for Advanced Signal Processing Applications. Revision 1 write by . This book was released on 1994. Performance Characterization of Photonic Links in Cryogenic Environments for Advanced Signal Processing Applications. Revision 1 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Low temperature experiments have been conducted to characterize the performance of high speed photodetectors and LiNbO3 optical modulators in cryogenic environments down to 4.2 K. Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiodes fabricated from GaAs and InGaAs have been characterized. Results demonstrate that both the responsivity and bandwidth depend on temperature. Specific modulator parameters quantified at cryogenic temperatures include bandwidth, V[pi] (half wave voltage), optical loss and package stability. The successful operation of MSM photodiodes and LiNbO3 modulators at cryogenic temperatures enables a high sensitivity fiber optic approach to superconducting circuit interfaces.
High-speed Modulation of Resonant CMOS Photonic Modulators in Deep-submicron CMOS
High-speed Modulation of Resonant CMOS Photonic Modulators in Deep-submicron CMOS - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook High-speed Modulation of Resonant CMOS Photonic Modulators in Deep-submicron CMOS write by Benjamin Roy Moss. This book was released on 2014. High-speed Modulation of Resonant CMOS Photonic Modulators in Deep-submicron CMOS available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Processor manufacturers have turned to parallelism to continue to improve processor performance, and the bandwidth demands of manycore systems are rising. Silicon photonics can lower the energy-per-bit of core-to-core and core-to-memory interconnects while simultaneously alleviating bandwidth bottlenecks. In this work, methods of controlling the amount of charge entering the diode structure of a photonic modulator are investigated to achieve high energy efficiency in a constrained monolithic process. Two digital modulator topologies are simulated, fabricated and tested. One circuit topology, intended to drive a carrier-injection-based ring modulator, uses a digital push-pull topology with preemphasis to reduce the energy-per-bit and to prevent the ring's optical passband from shifting to the next optical channel. The second circuit topology drives a depletion-mode modulator device for high energy efficiency and speed. High-level system modeling is addressed, as well as practical considerations such as packaging. This work marks the first monolithic transceiver in a zero-change CMOS process, and the most energy-efficient monolithically-integrated modulator in a sub-100 nm CMOS process.
