Modal Auxiliaries from Late Old to Early Middle English - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Modal Auxiliaries from Late Old to Early Middle English write by Kousuke Kaita. This book was released on 2015-04-17. Modal Auxiliaries from Late Old to Early Middle English available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Why do Modern English modal auxiliaries ought to, should, and must, meaning OBLIGATION, occur in the present tense, yet their forms are in the preterite? Why does to accompany ought? One of the solutions to these questions is to look at the history of the English language. This monograph deals with the history of ought to, should, and must, which are of different syntactic and semantic origins: ought to stems from a main verb of Old English āgan ‘to have’ (POSSESSION) along with to; should derives from sculan ‘must’ with its ‘deviation’ to shall, and mōtan originates in ‘to be allowed to’ (PERMISSION). The work concentrates on the transition from Old English (700-1100) to Middle English (1100-1500), which is a crucial period in the history of the English language. Topics addressed include the linguistic review of modality, the philological reading of primary texts, and the occasional reference to the other Germanic languages.
Focus on the USA
Focus on the USA - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Focus on the USA write by Edgar W. Schneider. This book was released on 1996-01-01. Focus on the USA available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This volume presents 15 original research papers by renowned specialists in their respective fields. A variety of research traditions are included, such as dialect geography and sociolinguistics, but also smaller sub-fields such as the study of slang and perceptual dialectology. Varieties studied include the South, the Eastern Seaboard, the Middle West, African American English, Cuban English, and others. A growing sense of unity in the discipline is reflected by recurring topics and methods across earlier boundaries between sub-disciplines. For instance, computerized data and statistical analyses are standard tools nowadays, and a few papers explicitly address the possibilities and limitations of these methods. The study of variation and change of linguistic varieties has largely replaced earlier, monolithic notions of dialect, and the question of change in dialects, the erosion of traditional speech forms under the impact of modern communication patterns and socio-economic developments, is investigated in several contributions. In general, a recent orientation towards the history and development of nonstandard varieties is reflected in the book several papers study diffusion patterns of linguistic forms, or discuss the emergence of individual dialects or dialectal forms in a language contact framework. Altogether, the papers provide a lively illustration of and a fairly representative selection from ongoing high-quality linguistic research into American English.
The Cambridge History of the English Language
The Cambridge History of the English Language - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Cambridge History of the English Language write by Richard M. Hogg. This book was released on 1992-08-13. The Cambridge History of the English Language available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Volume II of The Cambridge History of the English Language covers the Middle English Period, describing and analyzing developments in the languge from the Norman Conquest to the introduction of printing.
Comparative-historical Linguistics
Comparative-historical Linguistics - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Comparative-historical Linguistics write by Bela Brogyanyi. This book was released on 1993-01-01. Comparative-historical Linguistics available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This volume offers an important contribution to the comparative historical study of languages. Most of the articles deal with topics concerning the Indo-European proto-language as well as the individual languages descended from it. Essays in Finno-Ugric philology complete the volume. The book is divided in 8 sections: I. Indo-European, II. Anatolian, III. Indic, IV. Iranian and Armenian, V. Celtic, VI. Germanic Languages, VII. Slavic and Albanian, VIII. Fennougrica and Altaica.
The English Language
The English Language - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The English Language write by Charles Laurence Barber. This book was released on 2000-05-04. The English Language available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The English Language: A Historical Introduction covers the history of the English language from its prehistoric Indo-European origins to the present day. Assuming no previous knowledge of the subject, Charles Barber describes the nature of language and language change, and presents a history of the English language at different periods, dealing with key topics such as grammar, pronunciation and semantics. Where necessary, he introduces and explains the main theoretical and technical concepts of historical linguistics. There are also chapters on English in the scientific age, English as a world language and the future of the language. Charles Barber uses dozens of familiar texts, including the English of King Alfred, Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Addison, to illustrate the state of the English language through time in a range of contexts. This is a fascinating book for anyone with an interest in language.
