Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology write by Hector H. Garcia. This book was released on 2013-07-03. Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology, a new volume in The Handbook of Clinical Neurology, provides a comprehensive and contemporary reference on parasitic infections of the human nervous system. Parasitic infections are varied and some are resolved by the host's immune system, other infections may become established even though unnoticed, and some cause severe disease and death. In our modern world, neuroparasitoses are no longer geographically isolated and these infections now appear worldwide. Outside of a very few well understood pathologies, most parasitic infections have been neglected in the neurological literature and most neurologists have never diagnosed such an infection. This volume details how, with the advent of modern neuroimaging techniques, improved diagnostic applications of molecular biology, more accurate immunodiagnosis, and minimally invasive neurosurgery, human nervous system parasitoses are now diagnosed and treated, with increasing frequency. The book is divided into six sections, and begins with an introduction to the mechanisms of infection, diagnosis, and pathology of parasitic diseases. Subsequent chapters detail protozoan diseases and a section covering each of the major classes of human-infecting helminths: nematodes (roundworms), trematodes (flukes), and cestodes (tapeworms). The final section contains chapters on other important areas of tropical clinical medicine including the neurological complications of venomous bites and tropical nutritional deficiencies. Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology will be of interest to neurologists, neurosurgeons and other health professionals encountering patients with parasitic infections. - A comprehensive reference resource on the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic infections of the human nervous system - Focuses on the impact of modern neuroimaging techniques, improved diagnostic applications of molecular biology, more accurate immunodiagnosis, and minimally invasive neurosurgery to diagnose parasitoses - International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field
Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology
Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology write by Oscar H. Del Brutto. This book was released on 2013-07-03. Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Cysticercosis, an infection caused by the cystic larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, is one of the most frequent parasitic infections of the human nervous system (neurocysticercosis). It is endemic in most of Latin America, the sub-Saharan Africa, and vast parts of Asia, including the Indian subcontinent. It has also been increasingly diagnosed in developed countries because of migration of people from endemic zones and exposure in travelers. The life cycle involves the development of the adult tapeworm in the human small intestine (after ingesting infected pork with cysts) and larval infection in pig tissues (after ingesting human stools containing the eggs of the tapeworm). Humans get infected by the fecal-oral route, most often from a direct contact with an asymptomatic Taenia carrier. Most common clinical presentations are seizures (particularly late-onset seizures), chronic headaches, and intracranial hypertension. However, cysticerci can locate anywhere in the human nervous system, thus potentially causing almost any neurological syndrome and making clinical diagnosis a difficult task. Neuroimaging is the main diagnostic tool, and specific serology confirms the diagnosis and helps to define the diagnosis when images are unclear. Factors such as location (extraparenchymal versus intraparenchymal), number, size and evolutive stage of the parasites determine the clinical manifestations, therapeutic approach, and prognosis. Management includes symptomatic drugs (analgesics, antiepileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory agents) and in many cases cysticidal drugs, either albendazole or praziquantel. In recent years, efforts have focused on transmission control and potential elimination in endemic regions.
Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology
Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology write by Jane Kvalsvig. This book was released on 2013-07-03. Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Published reviews vary on the question of whether geohelminth infections affect cognitive development: some claim that the scarcity of evidence means that it is unlikely that they do; others present modest evidence for an effect; and others raise the possibility that the damage is considerable but largely unresearched. This chapter reviews the characteristics of the geohelminths themselves and the pathways by which they could affect the development of children in endemic areas. It describes the progress made in the last decade in conceptualizing children's brains as complex adaptive systems, with the suggestion that infections at different stages in brain development might have different neurobehavioral consequences. An examination of research reports and review articles highlights the difficulties inherent in assessing the effects of geohelminth infections: other serious obstacles to healthy development in the same population may mask the effects of the geohelminths, and consequently the intensity and pathogenicity of the infection is probably an important issue. Selecting cognitive measures suitable for assessing development in very young children is no simple matter, and careful statistical analysis is required to tease out the primary and secondary factors at work. The insights gained from a broad range of relevant research reports have placed us in a better position to conduct more telling research into the effects of these widespread, but neglected, tropical diseases.
Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology
Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology write by Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas. This book was released on 2013-07-03. Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Leishmaniasis is a spectral disease, caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the species Leishmania. There are multiple reported instances where neurological manifestations, whether central or peripheral, are described. In this review we describe neurological manifestations seen during infection with Leishmania spp. Taken together, the material discussed here suggests that in patients from Leishmania-endemic areas, when observing neurological symptoms, causation secondary to infection with Leishmania spp. may be considered.
Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology
Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology write by Oscar H. Del Brutto. This book was released on 2013-07-03. Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Snake and spider bites, as well as scorpion sting envenoming, are neglected diseases affecting millions of people all over the world. Neurological complications vary according to the offending animal, and are often directly related to toxic effects of the venom, affecting the central nervous system, the neuromuscular transmission, the cardiovascular system, or the coagulation cascade. Snake bite envenoming may result in stroke or muscle paralysis. Metalloproteinases and other substances (common in vipers and colubrids) have anticoagulant or procoagulant activity, and may induce ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. The venom of elapids is rich in neurotoxins affecting the neuromuscular transmission at either presynaptic or postsynaptic levels. The clinical picture of scorpion sting envenoming is dominated by muscle weakness associated with arterial hypertension, cardiac arrythmias, myocarditis, or pulmonary edema. These manifestations occur as the result of release of catecholamines into the bloodstream or due to direct cardiac toxicity of the venom. Cerebrovascular complications have been reported after the sting of the Indian red scorpion. Intracranial hemorrhages occur in the setting of acute increases in arterial blood pressure related to sympathetic overstimulation, and cerebral infarctions are related to either cerebral hypoperfusion, consumption coagulopathy, vasculitis, or cardiogenic brain embolism. Three main syndromes result from spider bite envenoming: latrodectism, loxoscelism, and funnel-web spider envenoming. Latrodectism is related to neurotoxins present in the venom of widow spiders. Most cases present with headache, lethargy, irritability, myalgia, tremor, fasciculation, or ataxia. Loxoscelism is caused by envenoming by spiders of the family Sicariidae. It may present with a stroke due to a severe coagulopathy. The venom of funnel-web spiders also has neurotoxins that stimulate neurotransmitter release, resulting in sensory disturbances and muscle paralysis. Proper management of the envenomed patient, including prompt transport to the hospital, correction of the hemostatic disorder, ventilatory support, and administration of antivenom, significantly reduce the risk of neurological complications which, in turn, reduce the mortality and improve the functional outcome of survivors.
