Observation and Experiment - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Observation and Experiment write by Paul Rosenbaum. This book was released on 2017-08-14. Observation and Experiment available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A daily glass of wine prolongs life—yet alcohol can cause life-threatening cancer. Some say raising the minimum wage will decrease inequality while others say it increases unemployment. Scientists once confidently claimed that hormone replacement therapy reduced the risk of heart disease but now they equally confidently claim it raises that risk. What should we make of this endless barrage of conflicting claims? Observation and Experiment is an introduction to causal inference by one of the field’s leading scholars. An award-winning professor at Wharton, Paul Rosenbaum explains key concepts and methods through lively examples that make abstract principles accessible. He draws his examples from clinical medicine, economics, public health, epidemiology, clinical psychology, and psychiatry to explain how randomized control trials are conceived and designed, how they differ from observational studies, and what techniques are available to mitigate their bias. “Carefully and precisely written...reflecting superb statistical understanding, all communicated with the skill of a master teacher.” —Stephen M. Stigler, author of The Seven Pillars of Statistical Wisdom “An excellent introduction...Well-written and thoughtful...from one of causal inference’s noted experts.” —Journal of the American Statistical Association “Rosenbaum is a gifted expositor...an outstanding introduction to the topic for anyone who is interested in understanding the basic ideas and approaches to causal inference.” —Psychometrika “A very valuable contribution...Highly recommended.” —International Statistical Review
Experiment and the Making of Meaning
Experiment and the Making of Meaning - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Experiment and the Making of Meaning write by D.C. Gooding. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Experiment and the Making of Meaning available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. . . . the topic of 'meaning' is the one topic discussed in philosophy in which there is literally nothing but 'theory' - literally nothing that can be labelled or even ridiculed as the 'common sense view'. Putnam, 'The Meaning of Meaning' This book explores some truths behind the truism that experimentation is a hallmark of scientific activity. Scientists' descriptions of nature result from two sorts of encounter: they interact with each other and with nature. Philosophy of science has, by and large, failed to give an account of either sort of interaction. Philosophers typically imagine that scientists observe, theorize and experiment in order to produce general knowledge of natural laws, knowledge which can be applied to generate new theories and technologies. This view bifurcates the scientist's world into an empirical world of pre-articulate experience and know how and another world of talk, thought and argument. Most received philosophies of science focus so exclusively on the literary world of representations that they cannot begin to address the philosophical problems arising from the interaction of these worlds: empirical access as a source of knowledge, meaning and reference, and of course, realism. This has placed the epistemological burden entirely on the predictive role of experiment because, it is argued, testing predictions is all that could show that scientists' theorizing is constrained by nature. Here a purely literary approach contributes to its own demise. The epistemological significance of experiment turns out to be a theoretical matter: cruciality depends on argument, not experiment.
Observation, Experiment, and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science
Observation, Experiment, and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Observation, Experiment, and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science write by Peter Achinstein. This book was released on 1985. Observation, Experiment, and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. These original contributions by philosophers and historians of science discuss a range of issues pertaining to the testing of hypotheses in modern physics by observation and experiment. Chapters by Lawrence Sklar, Dudley Shapere, Richard Boyd, R. C. Jeffrey, Peter Achinstein, and Ronald Laymon explore general philosophical themes with applications to modern physics and astrophysics. The themes include the nature of the hypothetico-deductive method, the concept of observation and the validity of the theoretical-observation distinction, the probabilistic basis of confirmation, and the testing of idealizations and approximations. The remaining four chapters focus on the history of particular twentieth-century experiments, the instruments and techniques utilized, and the hypotheses they were designed to test. Peter Galison reviews the development of the bubble chamber; Roger Stuewer recounts a sharp dispute between physicists in Cambridge and Vienna over the interpretation of artificial disintegration experiments; John Rigden provides a history of the magnetic resonance method; and Geoffrey Joseph suggests a statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics that can be used to interpret the Stern-Gerlach and double-slit experiments. This book inaugurates the series, Studies from the Johns Hopkins Center for the History and Philosophy of Science, directed by Peter Achinstein and Owen Hannaway. A Bradford Book.
Observation and Experiment
Observation and Experiment - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Observation and Experiment write by Paul R. Rosenbaum. This book was released on 2017. Observation and Experiment available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Reading Options -- List of Examples -- Part I. Randomized Experiments -- 1. A Randomized Trial -- 2. Structure -- 3. Causal Inference in Randomized Experiments -- 4. Irrationality and Polio -- Part II. Observational Studies -- 5. Between Observational Studies and Experiments -- 6. Natural Experiments -- 7. Elaborate Theories -- 8. Quasi-experimental Devices -- 9. Sensitivity to Bias -- 10. Design Sensitivity -- 11. Matching Techniques -- 12. Biases from General Dispositions -- 13. Instruments -- 14. Conclusion -- Appendix: Bibliographic Remarks -- Notes -- Glossary: Notation and Technical Terms -- Suggestions for Further Reading -- Acknowledgments -- Index
Experiments and Observations on Electricity, Made at Philadelphia in America
Experiments and Observations on Electricity, Made at Philadelphia in America - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Experiments and Observations on Electricity, Made at Philadelphia in America write by Benjamin Franklin. This book was released on 1751. Experiments and Observations on Electricity, Made at Philadelphia in America available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
