Observation and Theory in Science - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Observation and Theory in Science write by Ernest Sylvain Nagel. This book was released on 2019-12-01. Observation and Theory in Science available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Originally published in 1971. The three contributions collected in this volume deal with different aspects of a single theme—the logical status of scientific theories in their relation to observation. These lectures, authored by different thinkers, treat this theme in connection with some controversies in the philosophy of science. A nonspecialist who reads these lectures should realize that the theme itself is a perennial one with an ancient lineage. It has concerned philosophers from the earliest era of philosophy on down through the centuries. A central philosophical issue at stake in the lectures is the question of whether scientific theories are testable in terms of our observations such that we can know whether some theories are true and others false. Although differing in their emphases, all three contributors seek a more plausible and nonskeptical philosophical account of the status of scientific theories in relation to observation.
Observation, Experiment, and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science
Observation, Experiment, and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Observation, Experiment, and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science write by Peter Achinstein. This book was released on 1985. Observation, Experiment, and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. These original contributions by philosophers and historians of science discuss a range of issues pertaining to the testing of hypotheses in modern physics by observation and experiment. Chapters by Lawrence Sklar, Dudley Shapere, Richard Boyd, R. C. Jeffrey, Peter Achinstein, and Ronald Laymon explore general philosophical themes with applications to modern physics and astrophysics. The themes include the nature of the hypothetico-deductive method, the concept of observation and the validity of the theoretical-observation distinction, the probabilistic basis of confirmation, and the testing of idealizations and approximations. The remaining four chapters focus on the history of particular twentieth-century experiments, the instruments and techniques utilized, and the hypotheses they were designed to test. Peter Galison reviews the development of the bubble chamber; Roger Stuewer recounts a sharp dispute between physicists in Cambridge and Vienna over the interpretation of artificial disintegration experiments; John Rigden provides a history of the magnetic resonance method; and Geoffrey Joseph suggests a statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics that can be used to interpret the Stern-Gerlach and double-slit experiments. This book inaugurates the series, Studies from the Johns Hopkins Center for the History and Philosophy of Science, directed by Peter Achinstein and Owen Hannaway. A Bradford Book.
Observation and Theory in Science
Observation and Theory in Science - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Observation and Theory in Science write by Ernest Nagel. This book was released on 1969. Observation and Theory in Science available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Histories of Scientific Observation
Histories of Scientific Observation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Histories of Scientific Observation write by Lorraine Daston. This book was released on 2011-02. Histories of Scientific Observation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Includes bibliographical referrences and index.
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Reproducibility and Replicability in Science write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2019-10-20. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
