Oil and the Great Powers - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Oil and the Great Powers write by Anand Toprani. This book was released on 2019-04-04. Oil and the Great Powers available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The history of oil is a chapter in the story of Europe's geopolitical decline in the twentieth century. During the era of the two world wars, a lack of oil constrained Britain and Germany from exerting their considerable economic and military power independently. Both nations' efforts to restore the independence they had enjoyed during the Age of Coal backfired by inducing strategic over-extension, which served only to hasten their demise as great powers. Having fought World War I with oil imported from the United States, Britain was determined to avoid relying upon another great power for its energy needs ever again. Even before the Great War had ended, Whitehall implemented a strategy of developing alternative sources of oil under British control. Britain's key supplier would be the Middle East - already a region of vital importance to the British Empire - whose oil potential was still unproven. As it turned out, there was plenty of oil in the Middle East, but Italian hostility after 1935 threatened transit through the Mediterranean. A shortage of tankers ruled out re-routing shipments around Africa, forcing Britain to import oil from US-controlled sources in the Western Hemisphere and depleting its foreign exchange reserves. Even as war loomed in 1939, therefore, Britain's quest for independence from the United States had failed. Germany was in an even worse position than Britain. It could not import oil from overseas in wartime due to the threat of blockade, while accumulating large stockpiles was impossible because of the economic and financial costs. The Third Reich went to war dependent on petroleum synthesized from coal, domestic crude oil, and overland imports, primarily from Romania. German leaders were confident, however, that they had enough oil to fight a series of short campaigns that would deliver to them the mastery of Europe. This plan derailed following the victory over France, when Britain continued to fight. This left Germany responsible for Europe's oil requirements while cut off from world markets. A looming energy crisis in Axis Europe, the absence of strategic alternatives, and ideological imperatives all compelled Germany in June 1941 to invade the Soviet Union and fulfill the Third Reich's ultimate ambition of becoming a world power - a decision that ultimately sealed its fate.
United Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields
United Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook United Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields write by G. Goffey. This book was released on 2020-12-03. United Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Geological Society Memoir 52 records the extraordinary 50+ year journey that has led to the development of some 458 oil and gas fields on the UKCS. It contains papers on almost 150 onshore and offshore fields in all of the UK’s main petroliferous basins. These papers range from look-backs on some of the first-developed gas fields in the Southern North Sea, to papers on fields that have only just been brought into production or may still remain undeveloped, and includes two candidate CO2 sequestration projects. These papers are intended to provide a consistent summary of the exploration, appraisal, development and production history of each field, leading to the current subsurface understanding which is described in greater detail. As such the Memoir will be an enduring reference source for those exploring for, developing, producing hydrocarbons and sequestering CO2 on the UKCS in the coming decades. It encapsulates the petroleum industry’s deep subsurface knowledge accrued over more than 50 years of exploration and production.
Oil for Britain
Oil for Britain - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Oil for Britain write by Jonathan Kuiken. This book was released on 2023-06-30. Oil for Britain available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The period from 1957 to 1988 was transformative for the international oil industry. The United Kingdon, home to two major oil companies, British Petroleum (BP) and Shell, as well as the possessor of large quantities of oil and gas in its territorial waters, was at the heart of this transition. While famous for its liberal policy toward oil and gas production, both before and after the discovery of North Sea oil and gas, this period actually saw the United Kingdom respond to shifts in power from the major oil companies to the oil-producing states, many of them in Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies (OPEC), by building up its competency regarding oil matters. This took the form of efforts to influence the activities of BP and Shell abroad as well as in creation of a state-run oil company, the British National Oil Corporation, in an attempt to exercise greater state control over oil and gas production and distribution. The failure of these efforts was driven in part by internal divisions within Whitehall, the efforts of the oil companies themselves, and ultimately the political will of the Conservative Party under Margaret Thatcher to get the state out of the business of oil and gas.
Britain's Onshore Oil Industry
Britain's Onshore Oil Industry - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Britain's Onshore Oil Industry write by J. Huxley. This book was released on 1983-06-18. Britain's Onshore Oil Industry available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
State and the Emergence of the British Oil Industry
State and the Emergence of the British Oil Industry - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook State and the Emergence of the British Oil Industry write by Geoffrey Jones. This book was released on 1981-06-18. State and the Emergence of the British Oil Industry available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
