Patents, Monopoly Power, and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals in Low-income Nations - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Patents, Monopoly Power, and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals in Low-income Nations write by F. M. Scherer. This book was released on 2013. Patents, Monopoly Power, and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals in Low-income Nations available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
The Global Politics of Pharmaceutical Monopoly Power
The Global Politics of Pharmaceutical Monopoly Power - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Global Politics of Pharmaceutical Monopoly Power write by Ellen F. M. 't Hoen. This book was released on 2009. The Global Politics of Pharmaceutical Monopoly Power available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In The Global Politics of Pharmaceutical Monopoly Power, researcher and global advocate Ellen 't Hoen explains how new global rules for pharmaceutical patenting impact access to medicines in the developing world. The book gives an account of the current debates on intellectual property, access to medicines, and medical innovation, and provides historical context that explains how the current system emerged. This book supports major policy changes in the management of pharmaceutical patents and the way medical innovation is financed in order to protect public health and, in particular, promote access to essential medicines for all. The Open Society Institute provided support to translate this report into Russian.
Making Medicines Affordable
Making Medicines Affordable - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Making Medicines Affordable write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2018-03-01. Making Medicines Affordable available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Private Patents and Public Health
Private Patents and Public Health - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Private Patents and Public Health write by Ellen F. M. 't Hoen. This book was released on 2016. Private Patents and Public Health available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Millions of people around the world do not have access to the medicines they need to treat disease or alleviate suffering. Strict patent regimes introduced following the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995 interfere with widespread access to medicines by creating monopolies that keep medicines prices well out of reach for many. 0The AIDS crisis in the late nineties brought access to medicines challenges to the public?s attention, when millions of people in developing countries died from an illness for which medicines existed, but were not available or affordable. Faced with an unprecedented health crisis ? 8,000 people dying daily ? the public health community launched an unprecedented global effort that eventually resulted in the large-scale availability of low-priced generic HIV medicines. 0But now, high prices of new medicines - for example, for cancer, tuberculosis and hepatitis C - are limiting access to treatment in low-, middle and high-income countries alike. Patent-based monopolies affect almost all medicines developed since 1995 in most countries, and global health policy is now at a critical juncture if the world is to avoid new access to medicines crises. 0This book discusses lessons learned from the HIV/AIDS crisis, and asks whether actions taken to extend access and save lives are exclusive to HIV or can be applied more broadly to new global access challenges.
India and the Patent Wars
India and the Patent Wars - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook India and the Patent Wars write by Murphy Halliburton. This book was released on 2017-11-15. India and the Patent Wars available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. India and the Patent Wars contributes to an international debate over the costs of medicine and restrictions on access under stringent patent laws showing how activists and drug companies in low-income countries seize agency and exert influence over these processes. Murphy Halliburton contributes to analyses of globalization within the fields of anthropology, sociology, law, and public health by drawing on interviews and ethnographic work with pharmaceutical producers in India and the United States. India has been at the center of emerging controversies around patent rights related to pharmaceutical production and local medical knowledge. Halliburton shows that Big Pharma is not all-powerful, and that local activists and practitioners of ayurveda, India’s largest indigenous medical system, have been able to undermine the aspirations of multinational companies and the WTO. Halliburton traces how key drug prices have gone down, not up, in low-income countries under the new patent regime through partnerships between US- and India-based companies, but warns us to be aware of access to essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries going forward.
